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Topographic Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motion on Hills of Bell-Shaped Geometry
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-9993
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-8588
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8956
Alteration in ground motion characteristics due to topography can trigger earthquake-induced localized damage and other earthquake-related devastation. Existing literature cites many incidents in which topographic amplification has been noticed during the same seismic event. However, it is often difficult to separate the effects of geometry and near-surface geology in absence of refined topographic amplification models. Based on hill geometry, a few standards/codes (Eurocode 8, NTC-08 and AFPS) suggest the amplification factors or aggravation factors to address this issue. However, topographic amplification of hills subjected to recorded ground motion is mostly lacking in literature. This paper presents a parametric study of 2D symmetrical bell-shaped hills having different shape ratios (ratio of height to half of the base width of the hill) using finite element code ABAQUS. Wave propagation problem is simulated using 2D linear plane strain elements. Numerical models are subjected to the recorded earthquake ground motion suite (22 far-field record) from FEMA P695 along viscous boundaries at base. Parasitic boundaries are used at vertical sides to ensure shear failure mode. The largest size of the element is limited to 1/15th times the desired wavelength (10 Hz) of selected ground motion suite. Topographic amplification values are quantified at different spatial points along the hill profile to study the variation in amplification of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values. It is observed that topography is mostly amplifying the PGA values at the peak of the hill and de-amplifying the PGA values at the foot of the hill.
Topographic Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motion on Hills of Bell-Shaped Geometry
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-9993
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-8588
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8956
Alteration in ground motion characteristics due to topography can trigger earthquake-induced localized damage and other earthquake-related devastation. Existing literature cites many incidents in which topographic amplification has been noticed during the same seismic event. However, it is often difficult to separate the effects of geometry and near-surface geology in absence of refined topographic amplification models. Based on hill geometry, a few standards/codes (Eurocode 8, NTC-08 and AFPS) suggest the amplification factors or aggravation factors to address this issue. However, topographic amplification of hills subjected to recorded ground motion is mostly lacking in literature. This paper presents a parametric study of 2D symmetrical bell-shaped hills having different shape ratios (ratio of height to half of the base width of the hill) using finite element code ABAQUS. Wave propagation problem is simulated using 2D linear plane strain elements. Numerical models are subjected to the recorded earthquake ground motion suite (22 far-field record) from FEMA P695 along viscous boundaries at base. Parasitic boundaries are used at vertical sides to ensure shear failure mode. The largest size of the element is limited to 1/15th times the desired wavelength (10 Hz) of selected ground motion suite. Topographic amplification values are quantified at different spatial points along the hill profile to study the variation in amplification of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values. It is observed that topography is mostly amplifying the PGA values at the peak of the hill and de-amplifying the PGA values at the foot of the hill.
Topographic Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motion on Hills of Bell-Shaped Geometry
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-9993
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-8588
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8956
Alteration in ground motion characteristics due to topography can trigger earthquake-induced localized damage and other earthquake-related devastation. Existing literature cites many incidents in which topographic amplification has been noticed during the same seismic event. However, it is often difficult to separate the effects of geometry and near-surface geology in absence of refined topographic amplification models. Based on hill geometry, a few standards/codes (Eurocode 8, NTC-08 and AFPS) suggest the amplification factors or aggravation factors to address this issue. However, topographic amplification of hills subjected to recorded ground motion is mostly lacking in literature. This paper presents a parametric study of 2D symmetrical bell-shaped hills having different shape ratios (ratio of height to half of the base width of the hill) using finite element code ABAQUS. Wave propagation problem is simulated using 2D linear plane strain elements. Numerical models are subjected to the recorded earthquake ground motion suite (22 far-field record) from FEMA P695 along viscous boundaries at base. Parasitic boundaries are used at vertical sides to ensure shear failure mode. The largest size of the element is limited to 1/15th times the desired wavelength (10 Hz) of selected ground motion suite. Topographic amplification values are quantified at different spatial points along the hill profile to study the variation in amplification of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values. It is observed that topography is mostly amplifying the PGA values at the peak of the hill and de-amplifying the PGA values at the foot of the hill.
Topographic Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motion on Hills of Bell-Shaped Geometry
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Patel, Satyajit (editor) / Solanki, C. H. (editor) / Reddy, Krishna R. (editor) / Shukla, Sanjay Kumar (editor) / Modha, Kavan (author) / Raj, Dhiraj (author) / Singh, Yogendra (author)
2021-05-06
11 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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