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The Influence of Multifactor Productivity, Research and Development Expenditure, Renewable Energy Consumption on Ecological Footprint in G7 Countries: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis
In this study, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, multifactor productivity, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and the ecological footprint was investigated under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis between 1990 and 2018, using Lagrange multiplier (LM) bootstrap panel cointegration, augmented mean group (AMG) estimators. and Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (EK) panel causality test for G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the USA). The findings from the study are as follows: (i) The LM bootstrap panel cointegration test results demonstrate that series in the EKC model are related in the long run. (ii) The AMG long-run coefficient estimates show that while the EKC hypothesis is valid for Canada, France, the USA, and the whole panel, it is not valid for Germany, Italy, Japan, and the UK. (iii) The renewable energy and R&D expenditure reduce environmental pollution in the panel created for the G7 countries. (iv) The EK (2011) panel causality test indicates that the environmental pollution variable has a unidirectional causality relationship with the R&D expenditure, economic growth, and multifactor productivity variables, and a bidirectional causality relationship with the renewable energy variables. An overall evaluation of the results reveals that adopting policies that aim to increase renewable energy and R&D expenditure in G7 countries will have a positive effect on the environment.
The Influence of Multifactor Productivity, Research and Development Expenditure, Renewable Energy Consumption on Ecological Footprint in G7 Countries: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis
In this study, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, multifactor productivity, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and the ecological footprint was investigated under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis between 1990 and 2018, using Lagrange multiplier (LM) bootstrap panel cointegration, augmented mean group (AMG) estimators. and Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (EK) panel causality test for G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the USA). The findings from the study are as follows: (i) The LM bootstrap panel cointegration test results demonstrate that series in the EKC model are related in the long run. (ii) The AMG long-run coefficient estimates show that while the EKC hypothesis is valid for Canada, France, the USA, and the whole panel, it is not valid for Germany, Italy, Japan, and the UK. (iii) The renewable energy and R&D expenditure reduce environmental pollution in the panel created for the G7 countries. (iv) The EK (2011) panel causality test indicates that the environmental pollution variable has a unidirectional causality relationship with the R&D expenditure, economic growth, and multifactor productivity variables, and a bidirectional causality relationship with the renewable energy variables. An overall evaluation of the results reveals that adopting policies that aim to increase renewable energy and R&D expenditure in G7 countries will have a positive effect on the environment.
The Influence of Multifactor Productivity, Research and Development Expenditure, Renewable Energy Consumption on Ecological Footprint in G7 Countries: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis
Environ Model Assess
Aydin, Mehmet (author) / Degirmenci, Tunahan (author) / Yavuz, Hakan (author)
Environmental Modeling & Assessment ; 28 ; 693-708
2023-08-01
16 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Ecological footprint , Renewable energy , Multifactor productivity , Research and development expenditure , Environmental Kuznets curve Environment , Math. Appl. in Environmental Science , Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics , Operations Research/Decision Theory , Applications of Mathematics , Earth and Environmental Science
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