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Assessment of Ethylene Diurea-Induced Protection in Plants Against Ozone Phytotoxicity
Rapid economic growth, industrialization, urbanization, and improper implementation of environmental regulations have contributed to increased tropospheric O3 levels since preindustrial times, and this increase has produced a serious air pollution problem. Apart from being a hazardous air pollutant, O3 has also been recognized as the third major (carbon dioxide and methane) green house gas in terms of additional radiative forcing and climate change (Forster et al. 2007). Because of its oxidative capacity, high O3 levels in the atmosphere are detrimental to living organisms, including plants. Ozone is among the most damaging air pollutants to which plants are exposed, and produces substantive plant biomass and yield (seed weight) reductions (Thompson 1992; Agrawal et al. 2005; Manning 2005; Hassan 2006; Hassan and Tewfik 2006; Singh et al. 2009a, 2014; Wahid 2006 a, b; Sarkar and Agrawal 2010a, b; Tripathi and Agrawal 2013). The economic loss for 23 horticultural and agricultural crops from O3 exposure was estimated to be approximately $6.7 billion for the year 2000 in Europe (Holland et al. 2006). Wang and Mauzerall (2004) anticipated economic losses of upto 9 % for four important cereal crops (viz., wheat, rice, maize and soybean) grown in China, South Korea and Japan. To minimize such crop losses many potential antioxidants (e.g., fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators and plant extracts) have been evaluated. Among these, the systemic antioxidant, ethylene diurea, –N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N′ phenylurea (popularly known as EDU) was found to be the most effective.
Assessment of Ethylene Diurea-Induced Protection in Plants Against Ozone Phytotoxicity
Rapid economic growth, industrialization, urbanization, and improper implementation of environmental regulations have contributed to increased tropospheric O3 levels since preindustrial times, and this increase has produced a serious air pollution problem. Apart from being a hazardous air pollutant, O3 has also been recognized as the third major (carbon dioxide and methane) green house gas in terms of additional radiative forcing and climate change (Forster et al. 2007). Because of its oxidative capacity, high O3 levels in the atmosphere are detrimental to living organisms, including plants. Ozone is among the most damaging air pollutants to which plants are exposed, and produces substantive plant biomass and yield (seed weight) reductions (Thompson 1992; Agrawal et al. 2005; Manning 2005; Hassan 2006; Hassan and Tewfik 2006; Singh et al. 2009a, 2014; Wahid 2006 a, b; Sarkar and Agrawal 2010a, b; Tripathi and Agrawal 2013). The economic loss for 23 horticultural and agricultural crops from O3 exposure was estimated to be approximately $6.7 billion for the year 2000 in Europe (Holland et al. 2006). Wang and Mauzerall (2004) anticipated economic losses of upto 9 % for four important cereal crops (viz., wheat, rice, maize and soybean) grown in China, South Korea and Japan. To minimize such crop losses many potential antioxidants (e.g., fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators and plant extracts) have been evaluated. Among these, the systemic antioxidant, ethylene diurea, –N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N′ phenylurea (popularly known as EDU) was found to be the most effective.
Assessment of Ethylene Diurea-Induced Protection in Plants Against Ozone Phytotoxicity
Reviews Env.Contamination(formerly:Residue Reviews)
Whitacre, David M. (editor) / Singh, Aditya Abha (author) / Singh, Shalini (author) / Agrawal, Madhoolika (author) / Agrawal, Shashi Bhushan (author)
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 233 ; Chapter: 4 ; 129-184
2014-10-11
56 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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