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Improving Mechanical Properties of Low-Strength Kaolin Clay by Mixing Nano Hydro Carbonated Shale and Quicklime
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-2686
The hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) is a voluminous by-product in coal mines. It is useless and generates adverse impacts on environmental issues. This paper aims to utilize the waste hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) from the Tazareh Coal Mine in nano-scale particles to enhance the mechanical properties of low-strength kaolin clay (KC). The HCS is chemically rich in pozzolanic requirements. Its nanoparticles proportionally (5, 10, 15, and 20wt%) contributed to designing 10 mixes, which were cured until the ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. As an alkali activator, 3wt% of quicklime was added to mix designs. The nano HCS decreased the plasticity index (PI) and maximum dry density (MDD) of KC while it increased the optimum moisture content (OMC). The greatest decrease in PI values (threefold) and MDD occurred when 15wt% nano HCS and 3wt% quicklime were mixed with KC. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test results showed that mixing 15wt% nano HCS with KC, in the presence or absence of 3wt% quicklime, increased the UCS values by 4.8 and 3.6 times higher than the control sample after 28 days of curing, respectively. Also, the modules of elasticity (E50) increased by 5.4 times when similar additive proportions were added to the KC, leading to a more brittle behavior. New crystal phases, including dolomite, albite, and fayalite, enhanced the strength of KC after 28 days of curing. Developing the amorphous phases of polymeric bonds improved the strength of KC. The growth of stable minerals modified the textural fabrics of KC to a denser structure mainly by solid solution reactions.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Low-Strength Kaolin Clay by Mixing Nano Hydro Carbonated Shale and Quicklime
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-2686
The hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) is a voluminous by-product in coal mines. It is useless and generates adverse impacts on environmental issues. This paper aims to utilize the waste hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) from the Tazareh Coal Mine in nano-scale particles to enhance the mechanical properties of low-strength kaolin clay (KC). The HCS is chemically rich in pozzolanic requirements. Its nanoparticles proportionally (5, 10, 15, and 20wt%) contributed to designing 10 mixes, which were cured until the ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. As an alkali activator, 3wt% of quicklime was added to mix designs. The nano HCS decreased the plasticity index (PI) and maximum dry density (MDD) of KC while it increased the optimum moisture content (OMC). The greatest decrease in PI values (threefold) and MDD occurred when 15wt% nano HCS and 3wt% quicklime were mixed with KC. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test results showed that mixing 15wt% nano HCS with KC, in the presence or absence of 3wt% quicklime, increased the UCS values by 4.8 and 3.6 times higher than the control sample after 28 days of curing, respectively. Also, the modules of elasticity (E50) increased by 5.4 times when similar additive proportions were added to the KC, leading to a more brittle behavior. New crystal phases, including dolomite, albite, and fayalite, enhanced the strength of KC after 28 days of curing. Developing the amorphous phases of polymeric bonds improved the strength of KC. The growth of stable minerals modified the textural fabrics of KC to a denser structure mainly by solid solution reactions.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Low-Strength Kaolin Clay by Mixing Nano Hydro Carbonated Shale and Quicklime
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-2686
The hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) is a voluminous by-product in coal mines. It is useless and generates adverse impacts on environmental issues. This paper aims to utilize the waste hydrocarbonated shale (HCS) from the Tazareh Coal Mine in nano-scale particles to enhance the mechanical properties of low-strength kaolin clay (KC). The HCS is chemically rich in pozzolanic requirements. Its nanoparticles proportionally (5, 10, 15, and 20wt%) contributed to designing 10 mixes, which were cured until the ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. As an alkali activator, 3wt% of quicklime was added to mix designs. The nano HCS decreased the plasticity index (PI) and maximum dry density (MDD) of KC while it increased the optimum moisture content (OMC). The greatest decrease in PI values (threefold) and MDD occurred when 15wt% nano HCS and 3wt% quicklime were mixed with KC. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test results showed that mixing 15wt% nano HCS with KC, in the presence or absence of 3wt% quicklime, increased the UCS values by 4.8 and 3.6 times higher than the control sample after 28 days of curing, respectively. Also, the modules of elasticity (E50) increased by 5.4 times when similar additive proportions were added to the KC, leading to a more brittle behavior. New crystal phases, including dolomite, albite, and fayalite, enhanced the strength of KC after 28 days of curing. Developing the amorphous phases of polymeric bonds improved the strength of KC. The growth of stable minerals modified the textural fabrics of KC to a denser structure mainly by solid solution reactions.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Low-Strength Kaolin Clay by Mixing Nano Hydro Carbonated Shale and Quicklime
Int. J. of Geosynth. and Ground Eng.
Soltani, Abolfazl (author) / Aminaee, Arash (author) / Abed, Pouya (author)
2024-06-01
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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