A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Social Capital and Irrigation Sustainability in Pakistan
Water is life. About 25% of Pakistan total area is used for farming via one of the most extensive Irrigation systems in the world (Nasim 2000). However, the amount of water available for Irrigation has constantly declined in this region in the last few decades (Hussain et al. 2004) due to a number of climatic changes. Poor Water management today counts among the reasons for low crop production in Pakistan. Water management is as important as water itself (Muhammad 2011). Farming communities often deal with this issue through “reciprocity” and mutual help. Indeed, reciprocity dynamics can lead to sharp increases in farm production. Uphoff (Understanding Social capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation, 2001) focuses on the ways farmers’ organizations established in Sri Lanka produced unexpected—and previously thought as unobtainable—amounts of rice production during acute water shortages, predominantly through cooperation and equitable Water sharing practices. Social capital is considered an asset that can be developed and yield a row of benefits in the form of collective action in managing common resources (Grootaert and Bastelaer 2002). “Reciprocity” is a core issue within the Social capital realm, and trust plays an inevitable role in activating the concept of reciprocity. Homans (1961) further describes in his theory of Social Exchange that all interdependent citizens can enhance collective profits through reciprocity (Thibault and Kelley 1952). Farming communities have much to benefit from reciprocal practices—both at an individual and at the collective levels—no less as regards agricultural benefits and Water management.
Social Capital and Irrigation Sustainability in Pakistan
Water is life. About 25% of Pakistan total area is used for farming via one of the most extensive Irrigation systems in the world (Nasim 2000). However, the amount of water available for Irrigation has constantly declined in this region in the last few decades (Hussain et al. 2004) due to a number of climatic changes. Poor Water management today counts among the reasons for low crop production in Pakistan. Water management is as important as water itself (Muhammad 2011). Farming communities often deal with this issue through “reciprocity” and mutual help. Indeed, reciprocity dynamics can lead to sharp increases in farm production. Uphoff (Understanding Social capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation, 2001) focuses on the ways farmers’ organizations established in Sri Lanka produced unexpected—and previously thought as unobtainable—amounts of rice production during acute water shortages, predominantly through cooperation and equitable Water sharing practices. Social capital is considered an asset that can be developed and yield a row of benefits in the form of collective action in managing common resources (Grootaert and Bastelaer 2002). “Reciprocity” is a core issue within the Social capital realm, and trust plays an inevitable role in activating the concept of reciprocity. Homans (1961) further describes in his theory of Social Exchange that all interdependent citizens can enhance collective profits through reciprocity (Thibault and Kelley 1952). Farming communities have much to benefit from reciprocal practices—both at an individual and at the collective levels—no less as regards agricultural benefits and Water management.
Social Capital and Irrigation Sustainability in Pakistan
Contemp. South Asian Stud.
Bandyopadhyay, Sumana (editor) / Magsi, Habibullah (editor) / Sen, Sucharita (editor) / Ponce Dentinho, Tomaz (editor) / Sheikh, M. Javed (author) / Khushk, G. Mujtaba (author)
2020-01-30
9 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Irrigation , Water sustainability , Social capital , Pakistan Environment , Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution , Regional/Spatial Science , Regional Development , Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning , Environmental Economics , Political Science and International Studies
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