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Immobilization of Zinc and Cadmium in Polluted Soils by Polynuclear Al13 and Al-Montmorillonite
We investigated the suitability of two aluminum-based binding agents, polynuclear Al13 and Al-coated montmorillonite (Al-mont-morillonite), for the immobilization of heavy metals in two contaminated agricultural soils: a loamy luvisol from an arable site in Rafz, Canton Zürich, Switzerland, and a sandy podsol from Szopienice, Upper Silesia, Poland. Both soils were polluted by lead, zinc, and cadmium: the soil from Szopienice by the emissions of a nearby zinc-lead smelter, and the soil from Rafz by sewage sludge applications. While the samples from Szopienice exhibited extremely high loads of these metals, the samples from Rafz were only moderately contaminated. The samples from both soils were slightly acidic. The Rafz soil contained 2.5% organic matter, that from Szopienice only 1.5%. Destruction of the organic matter in the Szopienice samples by H2O2 led to a significant release of Zn and Cd into solution. This indicated that organic matter is an important factor for the immobilization of heavy metals in this soil. The treatment of the Szopienice samples with 8 mmol Al13 per kg dry soil resulted in a considerable mobilization of the two metals. As the pH of the samples did not decrease, this effect was presumably due to direct interactions between the applied aluminium and organic matter. After destruction of soil organic matter, the two binding agents exhibited an immobilizing effect on Zn, which, however, was weak compared with the binding of the metal by the organic matter prior to its destruction. In the case of the Rafz samples, metal mobilization was observed only for Al13 if applied in high doses (4 and 8 mmol per kg soil), but not for Al-montmorillonite. In this soil, Al-montmorillonite as well as Al13 at low doses (1.2 mmol per kg soil and less) decreased soluble zinc concentrations significantly. The mobilization of metals at high doses of the applied binding agents and the dependence of this effect on the type of soil show that care has to be taken with this remediation method and that the proper doses of applied binding agents can be crucial for the success of metal immobilization in polluted soils.
Immobilization of Zinc and Cadmium in Polluted Soils by Polynuclear Al13 and Al-Montmorillonite
We investigated the suitability of two aluminum-based binding agents, polynuclear Al13 and Al-coated montmorillonite (Al-mont-morillonite), for the immobilization of heavy metals in two contaminated agricultural soils: a loamy luvisol from an arable site in Rafz, Canton Zürich, Switzerland, and a sandy podsol from Szopienice, Upper Silesia, Poland. Both soils were polluted by lead, zinc, and cadmium: the soil from Szopienice by the emissions of a nearby zinc-lead smelter, and the soil from Rafz by sewage sludge applications. While the samples from Szopienice exhibited extremely high loads of these metals, the samples from Rafz were only moderately contaminated. The samples from both soils were slightly acidic. The Rafz soil contained 2.5% organic matter, that from Szopienice only 1.5%. Destruction of the organic matter in the Szopienice samples by H2O2 led to a significant release of Zn and Cd into solution. This indicated that organic matter is an important factor for the immobilization of heavy metals in this soil. The treatment of the Szopienice samples with 8 mmol Al13 per kg dry soil resulted in a considerable mobilization of the two metals. As the pH of the samples did not decrease, this effect was presumably due to direct interactions between the applied aluminium and organic matter. After destruction of soil organic matter, the two binding agents exhibited an immobilizing effect on Zn, which, however, was weak compared with the binding of the metal by the organic matter prior to its destruction. In the case of the Rafz samples, metal mobilization was observed only for Al13 if applied in high doses (4 and 8 mmol per kg soil), but not for Al-montmorillonite. In this soil, Al-montmorillonite as well as Al13 at low doses (1.2 mmol per kg soil and less) decreased soluble zinc concentrations significantly. The mobilization of metals at high doses of the applied binding agents and the dependence of this effect on the type of soil show that care has to be taken with this remediation method and that the proper doses of applied binding agents can be crucial for the success of metal immobilization in polluted soils.
Immobilization of Zinc and Cadmium in Polluted Soils by Polynuclear Al13 and Al-Montmorillonite
Badora, Aleksandra (author) / Furrer, Gerhard (author) / Grünwald, Anna (author) / Schulin, Rainer (author)
Journal of Soil Contamination ; 7 ; 573-588
1998-09-01
16 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
Unknown
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