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Pool fires in a low ventilation enclosure
A 1.9 m3 enclosed fire test facility was developed with separate entrained air inlet at floor level and fire product exit at ceiling level. A new ventilation parameter, Kin, is proposed as the ratio of the air inlet flow area, Ain, divided by a mean enclosure cross sectional area, V2/3. Kin = Ain/V2/3. It is shown that this relates to realistic fire scenarios and to investigations by other researchers. A 200 mm square 500 ml (400 g, 18 MJ) kerosene pool fire was used as the fire load with three air supply inlet sizes, no air, 0.0017 m2 (Kin = 0.11%) and a 0.016 m2 rectangular hole (Kin = 1.0%). The range of air inlet area coefficient, Kin, investigated here is shown to simulate the situation of a closed room with normal door and window air leaks. This is shown to be smaller than investigated in other enclosed fire studies, which normally represented the situation of an open door or window at the start of the fire. The pool fire load rate of mass consumption was determined using a fire load base mounted on three load cells. The rate of fire load mass loss together with the calorific value for kerosene were used to determine the fire heat release rate, which was corrected for combustion efficiency based on the energy content of the CO and UHC in the fire outlet gases. The heat release rate per unit pool surface area was shown to be comparable with other measurements in larger enclosures with bigger pool diameters. The maximum heat release rate was higher than for a free pool fire of the same pool size due to the additional heat transfer to the pool from the enclosure. The mean near ceiling fire temperature was determined using an array of Type K thermocouples 70 mm from the ceiling. The heat release rate, CO, UHC and fire enclosure ceiling layer temperature for the same pool fire size was found to be highly dependent on the ventilation rate. A self extinguishing pool fire was demonstrated for the minimum air supply rate.
Pool fires in a low ventilation enclosure
A 1.9 m3 enclosed fire test facility was developed with separate entrained air inlet at floor level and fire product exit at ceiling level. A new ventilation parameter, Kin, is proposed as the ratio of the air inlet flow area, Ain, divided by a mean enclosure cross sectional area, V2/3. Kin = Ain/V2/3. It is shown that this relates to realistic fire scenarios and to investigations by other researchers. A 200 mm square 500 ml (400 g, 18 MJ) kerosene pool fire was used as the fire load with three air supply inlet sizes, no air, 0.0017 m2 (Kin = 0.11%) and a 0.016 m2 rectangular hole (Kin = 1.0%). The range of air inlet area coefficient, Kin, investigated here is shown to simulate the situation of a closed room with normal door and window air leaks. This is shown to be smaller than investigated in other enclosed fire studies, which normally represented the situation of an open door or window at the start of the fire. The pool fire load rate of mass consumption was determined using a fire load base mounted on three load cells. The rate of fire load mass loss together with the calorific value for kerosene were used to determine the fire heat release rate, which was corrected for combustion efficiency based on the energy content of the CO and UHC in the fire outlet gases. The heat release rate per unit pool surface area was shown to be comparable with other measurements in larger enclosures with bigger pool diameters. The maximum heat release rate was higher than for a free pool fire of the same pool size due to the additional heat transfer to the pool from the enclosure. The mean near ceiling fire temperature was determined using an array of Type K thermocouples 70 mm from the ceiling. The heat release rate, CO, UHC and fire enclosure ceiling layer temperature for the same pool fire size was found to be highly dependent on the ventilation rate. A self extinguishing pool fire was demonstrated for the minimum air supply rate.
Pool fires in a low ventilation enclosure
Andrews, G.E. (author) / Ledger, J. (author) / Phylaktou, H.N. (author)
2000
13 Seiten, 20 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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