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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
An approach to environmental problems: Refractories for cement kilns and countermeasures for diversification of cement raw materials and fuels
About 125 years have passed since the beginning of industrial production of portland cement in Japan. The use conditions of refractories have changed with progress in cement kiln design and changes in the fuel. The disposal of industrial waste is a serious problem for society. Elements contained in some industrial waste are also contained in portland cement. It is therefore possible to use these industrial wastes as a part of the portland cement raw materials as a controlled chemical component. Other industrial wastes contain residual caloric content (combustible organic materials) and may be utilized effectively for firing of cement clinker thereby contributing to a decrease in the total amount of exhaust CO2 in society. Consequently the use of industrial wastes as raw materials and fuel for portland cement manufacture has come into wide use. Many papers related to the application of industrial waste in the cement industry were presented by representatives of cement manufacturing companies at the Cement Manufacturing Technology Symposium under the auspices of the Japan Cement Association. The serious determination of association members to resolve problems of industrial waste is worthy of admiration. In 1994 through 1999, three members of cement manufacturing companies were invited to the Symposium on Refractories for Cement Industry under the auspices of TARJ to present lectures on the disposal of industrial waste in the cement industry. Refractories researchers have increased their studies on the effects of industrial waste on refractories, but the mechanisms not yet clearly understood. Refractories researchers should study countermeasures for the effects of industrial wastes on rotary kiln lining refractories. In this paper, countermeasure for refractories exposed to industrial waste in the cement industry are reviewed. As a raw material, industrial wastes like blast furnace slag, byproduct gypsum, waste oils, waste sands, waste plastic, coal ash, metallurgical slags are used. To prevent clogging in the preheater when these materials are used, SiC-containing refractories have been developed which are now successfully used. In case of the use of abrasive secondary raw materials, abrasion resistant unburnt phosphate bonded high alumina bricks are successfully installed. As secondary fuels, oil coke, a by-product of the oil refining process, is increasingly used. The sulfur oxide content in the cement clinker has to be monitored when secondary fuels or multi-fuel compounds are used, as low-melting compounds may form which will result in a premature wear of the refractory lining.
An approach to environmental problems: Refractories for cement kilns and countermeasures for diversification of cement raw materials and fuels
About 125 years have passed since the beginning of industrial production of portland cement in Japan. The use conditions of refractories have changed with progress in cement kiln design and changes in the fuel. The disposal of industrial waste is a serious problem for society. Elements contained in some industrial waste are also contained in portland cement. It is therefore possible to use these industrial wastes as a part of the portland cement raw materials as a controlled chemical component. Other industrial wastes contain residual caloric content (combustible organic materials) and may be utilized effectively for firing of cement clinker thereby contributing to a decrease in the total amount of exhaust CO2 in society. Consequently the use of industrial wastes as raw materials and fuel for portland cement manufacture has come into wide use. Many papers related to the application of industrial waste in the cement industry were presented by representatives of cement manufacturing companies at the Cement Manufacturing Technology Symposium under the auspices of the Japan Cement Association. The serious determination of association members to resolve problems of industrial waste is worthy of admiration. In 1994 through 1999, three members of cement manufacturing companies were invited to the Symposium on Refractories for Cement Industry under the auspices of TARJ to present lectures on the disposal of industrial waste in the cement industry. Refractories researchers have increased their studies on the effects of industrial waste on refractories, but the mechanisms not yet clearly understood. Refractories researchers should study countermeasures for the effects of industrial wastes on rotary kiln lining refractories. In this paper, countermeasure for refractories exposed to industrial waste in the cement industry are reviewed. As a raw material, industrial wastes like blast furnace slag, byproduct gypsum, waste oils, waste sands, waste plastic, coal ash, metallurgical slags are used. To prevent clogging in the preheater when these materials are used, SiC-containing refractories have been developed which are now successfully used. In case of the use of abrasive secondary raw materials, abrasion resistant unburnt phosphate bonded high alumina bricks are successfully installed. As secondary fuels, oil coke, a by-product of the oil refining process, is increasingly used. The sulfur oxide content in the cement clinker has to be monitored when secondary fuels or multi-fuel compounds are used, as low-melting compounds may form which will result in a premature wear of the refractory lining.
An approach to environmental problems: Refractories for cement kilns and countermeasures for diversification of cement raw materials and fuels
Möglichkeiten zur Bearbeitung von Umweltproblemen: Feuerfestwerkstoffe für Zementöfen und Gegenmaßnahmen bei Veränderung von Zementrohstoffen und Brennstoffen
Kusunose, H. (author) / Tokunaga, K. (author)
Journal of the Technical Association of Refractories, Japan ; 20 ; 272-277
2000
6 Seiten, 1 Bild, 6 Tabellen, 18 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Brennstoff , feuerfeste Auskleidung , Ofenauskleidung , Korrosion an Feuerfesterzeugnissen , Umweltbelastung , Umwelteinfluss , Industrieabfall , Schlacke , Abfallprodukt , Zementdrehrohrofen , Zementindustrie , Hochofenschlacke , Vorwärmer , Wärmeaustauscher , Verschleißmechanismus , Koks , Petrolkoks
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