A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Nanofiltration for hardness removal in drinking water applications
In the past, nanofiltration for desalting and hardness removal was not widespread and well established treatment technology in drinking water applications in Germany. One important argument against this membrane technology was the expensive discharge of the membrane concentrate stream into the sewage treatment plant. So it was necessary to find an way of operation for direct discharge of the concentrate stream into surface water. Against this backdrop, a nanofiltration plant was designed and built for a drinking water utility company in the south of Germany. The most important demand was to operate the membrane plant without antiscalants. Only pH adjustment by acid dosing was allowed. The acidification by CO2 dosing was found to be the most useful method because of the handling risks of mineral acids in the water reserve. This nanofiltration plant has now been in operation since the end of 1998, also under difficult general conditions regarding hardness concentration. Feed concentrations of up to 70 deg dH (German hardness) have to be treated by the membrane plant. In spite of supersaturation for BaSO4, SrSO4 and a positive LSI, the membrane shows no serious decline in permeability. The cleaning cycle is once a year and the cleaning procedure is very effective.
Nanofiltration for hardness removal in drinking water applications
In the past, nanofiltration for desalting and hardness removal was not widespread and well established treatment technology in drinking water applications in Germany. One important argument against this membrane technology was the expensive discharge of the membrane concentrate stream into the sewage treatment plant. So it was necessary to find an way of operation for direct discharge of the concentrate stream into surface water. Against this backdrop, a nanofiltration plant was designed and built for a drinking water utility company in the south of Germany. The most important demand was to operate the membrane plant without antiscalants. Only pH adjustment by acid dosing was allowed. The acidification by CO2 dosing was found to be the most useful method because of the handling risks of mineral acids in the water reserve. This nanofiltration plant has now been in operation since the end of 1998, also under difficult general conditions regarding hardness concentration. Feed concentrations of up to 70 deg dH (German hardness) have to be treated by the membrane plant. In spite of supersaturation for BaSO4, SrSO4 and a positive LSI, the membrane shows no serious decline in permeability. The cleaning cycle is once a year and the cleaning procedure is very effective.
Nanofiltration for hardness removal in drinking water applications
Nanofiltration zur Entfernung von Wasserhärte in Trinkwasseranwendungen
Wunsch, M. (author) / Nagel, R. (author)
2002
4 Seiten, 3 Bilder, 1 Tabelle
Conference paper
English
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