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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Groundwater and geotechnical aspects of deep excavations in Hong Kong
Consideration of groundwater is a key element in almost every construction project. The design of deep excavations for basements or underground railway station concourses below the water table require that the water pressures are taken into account. Whilst these can be considered to be hydrostatic in soil, the decreasing permeability of rock with depth and the fact that groundwater flow is invariably along discrete fractures means that the water pressure is unlikely to be hydrostatic at depth. Groundwater control for deep excavations can be achieved by a number of methods such as grouting, pumping or structural walls or a combination of these. For tunnelling projects grouting is extensively used, but the development of sophisticated tunnelling machines has led in many cases to the demise of compressed air as a means of groundwater control. For deep excavations in rock, a realistic estimate of permeability has to be made to avoid over-design. In weathered rock or soft ground conditions, sound construction techniques and careful monitoring of ground and building movement gives confidence to designers in estimating the effects of groundwater drawdown necessary to construct large excavations.
Groundwater and geotechnical aspects of deep excavations in Hong Kong
Consideration of groundwater is a key element in almost every construction project. The design of deep excavations for basements or underground railway station concourses below the water table require that the water pressures are taken into account. Whilst these can be considered to be hydrostatic in soil, the decreasing permeability of rock with depth and the fact that groundwater flow is invariably along discrete fractures means that the water pressure is unlikely to be hydrostatic at depth. Groundwater control for deep excavations can be achieved by a number of methods such as grouting, pumping or structural walls or a combination of these. For tunnelling projects grouting is extensively used, but the development of sophisticated tunnelling machines has led in many cases to the demise of compressed air as a means of groundwater control. For deep excavations in rock, a realistic estimate of permeability has to be made to avoid over-design. In weathered rock or soft ground conditions, sound construction techniques and careful monitoring of ground and building movement gives confidence to designers in estimating the effects of groundwater drawdown necessary to construct large excavations.
Groundwater and geotechnical aspects of deep excavations in Hong Kong
Grundwasser- und geotechnische Aspekte von tiefen Auffahrungen in Hong Kong
Forth, R.A. (author)
Engineering Geology ; 72 ; 253-260
2004
8 Seiten, 8 Bilder, 11 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Bergbau , Tunnel , Tunnelbau , Felsmechanik , Felsbau , Bodenmechanik , Erdboden , Baugrund , Bautechnik , Lockergestein , Gestein , Grundwasser , Geologie , Durchlässigkeit
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