A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Process water treatment - Challenges and solutions
Clean water is needed by chemical-process plants for a wide range of process-related and auxiliary uses. Likewise wide is the range of options available to the plant for cleaning up thr raw, incoming water. This article presents guidelines for making the right choice. Water contaminants can be suspended solids, dissolved organics, dissolved ionics (salts9, microorganisms, and gases. In general, a water treatment system consists of three basic components: pretreatment, primary treatment and posttreatment. In pretreatment stage filtration and chemical pretreatment is used. Filtrationtechnologies use bed filters, cartridge filters, bag filters, adsorptive filters, and precoat/diatomaceous earth filters. Chemical pretreatment is applied by coagulation or flocculation assisted by specific chemicals and by neutralization or converting of contained dissolved salts especially calcium carbonate. For primary treatment are available membrane technologies, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reserve osmosis, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation methods, ultraviolet irridation, ozonation, treatment with hydrogen peroxide, and other primary technologies, as distillation, electrodialysis, ion exchange (deionization), electrodeionization (EDI), thermal destruction, and bioremediation. Posttreatment can be realized by polishing treatment or disinfection (chemical, mechanical, radiation). Successful implementation of water treatment technologies requires incorporating the right combination of them into a total system that produces the appropriate water quality with the greatest reliability and at the lowest possible capital and operating costs. The most important initial parameters to consider are: feedwater quality, treated-water qualityy requirements, volume or flowrate requirements. In summary, there are a myriad of excellent technology choices to treat water for uses in chemical processing facilities. While far from an exhaustive review of all the technology choices, this article has presented a number of the technologies that are most relevant for process plants, along with some of the engineering considerations associated with total water-treatment-system designs. In closing, it is fitting to point out that regardless of the plant's purity requirements for its process water, the source of that water (prior to treatment as outlined above) can readily be wastewater from within the same facility, or even from a municipal sewage plant. This fact, which often surprises the non-specialist, serves a testimonial to the effectiveness of the treatment schemes outlined above.
Process water treatment - Challenges and solutions
Clean water is needed by chemical-process plants for a wide range of process-related and auxiliary uses. Likewise wide is the range of options available to the plant for cleaning up thr raw, incoming water. This article presents guidelines for making the right choice. Water contaminants can be suspended solids, dissolved organics, dissolved ionics (salts9, microorganisms, and gases. In general, a water treatment system consists of three basic components: pretreatment, primary treatment and posttreatment. In pretreatment stage filtration and chemical pretreatment is used. Filtrationtechnologies use bed filters, cartridge filters, bag filters, adsorptive filters, and precoat/diatomaceous earth filters. Chemical pretreatment is applied by coagulation or flocculation assisted by specific chemicals and by neutralization or converting of contained dissolved salts especially calcium carbonate. For primary treatment are available membrane technologies, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reserve osmosis, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation methods, ultraviolet irridation, ozonation, treatment with hydrogen peroxide, and other primary technologies, as distillation, electrodialysis, ion exchange (deionization), electrodeionization (EDI), thermal destruction, and bioremediation. Posttreatment can be realized by polishing treatment or disinfection (chemical, mechanical, radiation). Successful implementation of water treatment technologies requires incorporating the right combination of them into a total system that produces the appropriate water quality with the greatest reliability and at the lowest possible capital and operating costs. The most important initial parameters to consider are: feedwater quality, treated-water qualityy requirements, volume or flowrate requirements. In summary, there are a myriad of excellent technology choices to treat water for uses in chemical processing facilities. While far from an exhaustive review of all the technology choices, this article has presented a number of the technologies that are most relevant for process plants, along with some of the engineering considerations associated with total water-treatment-system designs. In closing, it is fitting to point out that regardless of the plant's purity requirements for its process water, the source of that water (prior to treatment as outlined above) can readily be wastewater from within the same facility, or even from a municipal sewage plant. This fact, which often surprises the non-specialist, serves a testimonial to the effectiveness of the treatment schemes outlined above.
Process water treatment - Challenges and solutions
Prozesswasserbehandlung - Herausforderungen und Lösungen
Cartwright, Peter (author)
Chemical Engineering, New York ; 113 ; 50-56
2006
7 Seiten, 8 Bilder, 2 Tabellen
Article (Journal)
English
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2013
Hydroinformatics: Solutions for global water challenges
| HENRY – Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW) | 2022