A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Development and validation of FDS+Evac for evacuation simulations. Project summary report
The performance based design of fire safety relies strongly on the use of computer simulations of fire and evacuation processes. Due to the increased size and complexity of the new buildings, the evacuation simulations must be able to consider the effects of the large and high density crowds on the movement and the decision making processes associated with the premovement time and exit route selection. In this work, a new evacuation simulation tool has been developed with three main features: i) The tool can be used to simulate large and high density crowds, where the movement dynamics is affected by the crowd pressure. ii) The interaction between the evacuees and fire can be taken into account by simultaneous simulation, thus allowing a full coupling between the fire conditions and the human behaviour. iii) The decision making processes of the evacuees are modelled taking into account the sociopsychological aspects like the importance of familiar people (group dynamics) and places. The simulation tool has been implemented to the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software, and called FDS+Evac (Evacuation). The validation of the new simulation tools requires experimental information on the human behaviour during the evacuation situations - not just the flow rates of the various evacuation routes, but also on the decision making processes during the evacuation. In this work, two different types of evacuation situations were studied. The first type was evacuation drills which are normally carried out as part of the safety training of the staff in public buildings and workplaces. In evacuation drills, careful preparation of the observations is possible. The second type was actual evacuations which occur every now and then. The advantage of actual evacuations is that the decision making processes are likely to be similar to what they would be in case of a real fire. The main techniques used for the observation of evacuation drills were video cameras and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). A large amount of information was obtained and the problems in the application of the observation techniques were identified. In the observation of an actual evacuation of a large shopping centre, the recordings of the surveillance cameras were used to measure the flow rates of people. The results are very promising and indicate that the collection of surveillance camera recordings from large evacuations should be started.
Development and validation of FDS+Evac for evacuation simulations. Project summary report
The performance based design of fire safety relies strongly on the use of computer simulations of fire and evacuation processes. Due to the increased size and complexity of the new buildings, the evacuation simulations must be able to consider the effects of the large and high density crowds on the movement and the decision making processes associated with the premovement time and exit route selection. In this work, a new evacuation simulation tool has been developed with three main features: i) The tool can be used to simulate large and high density crowds, where the movement dynamics is affected by the crowd pressure. ii) The interaction between the evacuees and fire can be taken into account by simultaneous simulation, thus allowing a full coupling between the fire conditions and the human behaviour. iii) The decision making processes of the evacuees are modelled taking into account the sociopsychological aspects like the importance of familiar people (group dynamics) and places. The simulation tool has been implemented to the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software, and called FDS+Evac (Evacuation). The validation of the new simulation tools requires experimental information on the human behaviour during the evacuation situations - not just the flow rates of the various evacuation routes, but also on the decision making processes during the evacuation. In this work, two different types of evacuation situations were studied. The first type was evacuation drills which are normally carried out as part of the safety training of the staff in public buildings and workplaces. In evacuation drills, careful preparation of the observations is possible. The second type was actual evacuations which occur every now and then. The advantage of actual evacuations is that the decision making processes are likely to be similar to what they would be in case of a real fire. The main techniques used for the observation of evacuation drills were video cameras and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). A large amount of information was obtained and the problems in the application of the observation techniques were identified. In the observation of an actual evacuation of a large shopping centre, the recordings of the surveillance cameras were used to measure the flow rates of people. The results are very promising and indicate that the collection of surveillance camera recordings from large evacuations should be started.
Development and validation of FDS+Evac for evacuation simulations. Project summary report
Hostikka, Simo (author) / Korhonen, Timo (author) / Paloposki, Tuomas (author) / Rinne, Tuomo (author) / Matikainen, Katri (author) / Heliövaara, Simo (author)
2007
68 Seiten, 40 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 37 Quellen
Miscellaneous
English
FDS+EVAC: Evacuation module for fire dynamics simulator
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