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Shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners
Acceptance of GCLs during the last 30 years has been rapid because these products offer many advantages over compacted clay liners, not the least of which is lower cost for many applications. However, shear strength tests for GCLs and GCL interfaces are more difficult to properly perform than for any other geosynthetic material. One is reminded of the 1995 Geotechnical Fabrics Report article by Smith and Criley titled "Interface Shear Strength Is Not for the Uninitiated" - sentiments expressed therein regarding the challenges of GCL shear testing are still true today. The state-of-the-art report by Fox and Stark (2004) provides a comprehensive source of information on shear strength of GCLs, including a checklist of what an engineer should require, provide, specify, and expect with regard to a GCL shear testing program. Costly pitfalls and mistakes can often be avoided with a clear appreciation of the following concepts: GCLs consist of both geosynthetic and sodium bentonite components, the interaction of which is more complex than either component acting alone. A GCL shearing device should be regularly calibrated to ensure accuracy of applied normal stress and shearing force. GCL shear strength should be measured for hydration and normal stress conditions expected in the field. Bentonite has low hydraulic conductivity and therefore consolidates and drains slowly. Bentonite has low shear strength and is susceptible to lateral squeezing under rapid changes in loading. Slower displacement rates are recommended for internal shear of hydrated GCLs than for interface shear of hydrated GCLs. Gripping surfaces of a GCL shearing device must have higher shear strength than all other potential failure surfaces within the GCL specimen. Examination of shear stressdisplacement relationships provides an easy way to assess the quality of GCL shear test results. GCL shear strengths must be obtained using product-specific and prqjectspecific shear tests. Conformance shear tests are needed during construction to ensure that materials delivered to the project site are at least as strong as the original test materials on which the design was based.
Shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners
Acceptance of GCLs during the last 30 years has been rapid because these products offer many advantages over compacted clay liners, not the least of which is lower cost for many applications. However, shear strength tests for GCLs and GCL interfaces are more difficult to properly perform than for any other geosynthetic material. One is reminded of the 1995 Geotechnical Fabrics Report article by Smith and Criley titled "Interface Shear Strength Is Not for the Uninitiated" - sentiments expressed therein regarding the challenges of GCL shear testing are still true today. The state-of-the-art report by Fox and Stark (2004) provides a comprehensive source of information on shear strength of GCLs, including a checklist of what an engineer should require, provide, specify, and expect with regard to a GCL shear testing program. Costly pitfalls and mistakes can often be avoided with a clear appreciation of the following concepts: GCLs consist of both geosynthetic and sodium bentonite components, the interaction of which is more complex than either component acting alone. A GCL shearing device should be regularly calibrated to ensure accuracy of applied normal stress and shearing force. GCL shear strength should be measured for hydration and normal stress conditions expected in the field. Bentonite has low hydraulic conductivity and therefore consolidates and drains slowly. Bentonite has low shear strength and is susceptible to lateral squeezing under rapid changes in loading. Slower displacement rates are recommended for internal shear of hydrated GCLs than for interface shear of hydrated GCLs. Gripping surfaces of a GCL shearing device must have higher shear strength than all other potential failure surfaces within the GCL specimen. Examination of shear stressdisplacement relationships provides an easy way to assess the quality of GCL shear test results. GCL shear strengths must be obtained using product-specific and prqjectspecific shear tests. Conformance shear tests are needed during construction to ensure that materials delivered to the project site are at least as strong as the original test materials on which the design was based.
Shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners
Fox, Patrick J. (author) / Athanassopoulos, Chris (author)
Geosynthetics ; 30 ; 46-51
2012
5 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 10 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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