A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Reproductive and developmental effects of disinfection by-products in drinking water
Recent epidemiologic studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and reproductive and developmental effects. The available epidemiological data are reviewed, the hazard potential posed by exposure to disinfection by-products is assessed, critical data gaps are identified and recommendations for further research are offered. The epidemiological evidence supporting associations between the exposure to DBPs (water disinfection by-products) and adverse pregancy outcomes is sparse, and positive findings should be interpreted cautiously. The methods used during the early stages of research in this area have been diverse. Variability in exposure assessment and endpoints make it difficult to synthesize or combine the available data. Exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding may have lead to this bias in risk estimation. Future studies of reproductive outcomen and exposure to chlorinated water should use improved methods for exposure assessment to 1) assure selection of appropriate exposure markers, 2) assess seasonal and annual fluctuations in DBPs, 3) assess variability within the distribution system, and 4) assess exposure through multiple routes such as bathing and showering, as well as consumption. Population-based studies should be conducted to evaluate male and female fertility, conception delay, growth retardation and specific birth defects. The reproductive and developmental effects of exposure to DBPs could be efficiently explored in ongoing questionnaire information. Future studies should make use of naturally occurring variability in the concentrations of DBPs and may incorporate biomarkers of exposure and effect in their design. Epidemiological investigations should be conducted in parallel with laboratory-based and animal studies in a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.
Reproductive and developmental effects of disinfection by-products in drinking water
Recent epidemiologic studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and reproductive and developmental effects. The available epidemiological data are reviewed, the hazard potential posed by exposure to disinfection by-products is assessed, critical data gaps are identified and recommendations for further research are offered. The epidemiological evidence supporting associations between the exposure to DBPs (water disinfection by-products) and adverse pregancy outcomes is sparse, and positive findings should be interpreted cautiously. The methods used during the early stages of research in this area have been diverse. Variability in exposure assessment and endpoints make it difficult to synthesize or combine the available data. Exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding may have lead to this bias in risk estimation. Future studies of reproductive outcomen and exposure to chlorinated water should use improved methods for exposure assessment to 1) assure selection of appropriate exposure markers, 2) assess seasonal and annual fluctuations in DBPs, 3) assess variability within the distribution system, and 4) assess exposure through multiple routes such as bathing and showering, as well as consumption. Population-based studies should be conducted to evaluate male and female fertility, conception delay, growth retardation and specific birth defects. The reproductive and developmental effects of exposure to DBPs could be efficiently explored in ongoing questionnaire information. Future studies should make use of naturally occurring variability in the concentrations of DBPs and may incorporate biomarkers of exposure and effect in their design. Epidemiological investigations should be conducted in parallel with laboratory-based and animal studies in a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.
Reproductive and developmental effects of disinfection by-products in drinking water
Auwirkungen von Nebenprodukten der Chlorierung in Trinkwasser auf die Fortpflanzung und die Entwicklung
Reif, J.S. (author) / Hatch, M.C. (author) / Bracken, M. (author) / Holmes, L.B. (author) / Schwetz, B.A. (author) / Singer, P.C. (author)
Environmental Health Perspectives ; 104 ; 1056-1061
1996
6 Seiten, 1 Tabelle, 26 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Biodegradation of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water Systems
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2013
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1996
Regional variability of disinfection by-products in Canadian drinking water
| Online Contents | 2013
Regional variability of disinfection by-products in Canadian drinking water
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2013