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What's new in atrium shmoke management? Innovative design and technology solutions to atrium smoke management and potential changes to future NFPA guidelines
Design of Smoke Management Systems has to make sure that the system will work in the case of fire. Field studies are not possible. For design informations see NFPA 92B Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Areas; ASHRAE/SFPE book, Design of Smoke Management Systems (Johne Klote, James Milke); NISTIR 5516, Method of Predicting Smoke Movement in Atria with Application to Smoke Management (National Institute of Standards and Technology). The activation of sprinklers in atrium applications is limited for ceilings higher than 35 feet to 50 feet. For modest fire sizes sprinkler operation occur in a reasonable time for ceilings less than 8 feet to 25 feet. Therefore atrium smoke management should be used for ceilings higher than 25 feet. At large enough atriums no smoke exhaust is needed if the time of smoke filling is longer than evacuation time. To be calculated is also the decision time of the occured people (SFPE, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering). A low cost system is natural smoke venting used in the United Kingdom and Australia. Smoke can exhaust by vents opened in the atrium ceiling or high atrium walls without aid of fans. They do not need power in fire case like the exhaust vans used in the United States. In spite of time delays by opening the vents, the economic benefits of natural vents compared with exhaste fans are high. Plugholding of outside air increase smoke layer depth and can expose occupants to smoke. The maximum flow Q ind (max) of exhausetd smoke at one vent without plugholding depends on smoke layer depth and smoke temperature. From case to case there have to be several vents, placed far enouph from each other for an uneffected flow. A publication about this topic is expected with the next ASHRAE handbook. High temperatured layers under the atrium ceiling prevent the fuction of smoke detectors because of too less buoyancy. Beam smoke detectors transmit a light beam across the atrium. A sensor detects the mirror-reflected beam. For approaches see next revision of NFPA 92B. With Froude modelling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) not ideal behaving smoke movements can be calculated. For introductory informations about these items see NISTIR 5516. 10 CFD-codes are discussed by Friedmann (1992).
What's new in atrium shmoke management? Innovative design and technology solutions to atrium smoke management and potential changes to future NFPA guidelines
Design of Smoke Management Systems has to make sure that the system will work in the case of fire. Field studies are not possible. For design informations see NFPA 92B Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Areas; ASHRAE/SFPE book, Design of Smoke Management Systems (Johne Klote, James Milke); NISTIR 5516, Method of Predicting Smoke Movement in Atria with Application to Smoke Management (National Institute of Standards and Technology). The activation of sprinklers in atrium applications is limited for ceilings higher than 35 feet to 50 feet. For modest fire sizes sprinkler operation occur in a reasonable time for ceilings less than 8 feet to 25 feet. Therefore atrium smoke management should be used for ceilings higher than 25 feet. At large enough atriums no smoke exhaust is needed if the time of smoke filling is longer than evacuation time. To be calculated is also the decision time of the occured people (SFPE, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering). A low cost system is natural smoke venting used in the United Kingdom and Australia. Smoke can exhaust by vents opened in the atrium ceiling or high atrium walls without aid of fans. They do not need power in fire case like the exhaust vans used in the United States. In spite of time delays by opening the vents, the economic benefits of natural vents compared with exhaste fans are high. Plugholding of outside air increase smoke layer depth and can expose occupants to smoke. The maximum flow Q ind (max) of exhausetd smoke at one vent without plugholding depends on smoke layer depth and smoke temperature. From case to case there have to be several vents, placed far enouph from each other for an uneffected flow. A publication about this topic is expected with the next ASHRAE handbook. High temperatured layers under the atrium ceiling prevent the fuction of smoke detectors because of too less buoyancy. Beam smoke detectors transmit a light beam across the atrium. A sensor detects the mirror-reflected beam. For approaches see next revision of NFPA 92B. With Froude modelling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) not ideal behaving smoke movements can be calculated. For introductory informations about these items see NISTIR 5516. 10 CFD-codes are discussed by Friedmann (1992).
What's new in atrium shmoke management? Innovative design and technology solutions to atrium smoke management and potential changes to future NFPA guidelines
Verschiedene Lösungen für den Rauchabzug im Brandfall in hohen Räumen, neue Berechnungsmöglichkeiten durch Rechnerprogramme
Klote, J.H. (author)
Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning HPAC ; 71 ; 28-31
1999
4 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 7 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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