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Copper corrosion in water distribution systems - The influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the solubility of copper corrosion products
The objective of the paper was to investigate the influence of natural organic matter on the copper content in drinking water. The copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems was investigated by means of field measurements in different Swedish municipalities. The maximum copper content in the water is not reach until after several hours of stagnation. Equilibrium calculations were made with a computer program, SOLGASWATER. The effect of natural organic matter was added to the calculations by applying a five-site model for the complexing action of humic and fulvic acids. In the model, a combination of five different ligands is used. The concentrations for the five sites for the water samples taken in the different municipalities are calculated by taking the value for the total organic carbon content (TOC) and multiplying it by the factor C. Good correlation between measurements and calculations is achieved if the maximum copper concentration is assumed to be determined by the equilibrium with the meta stable solid cupric hydroxide. However, the correlation is greatly improved when the complexing action of natural organic matter (NOM) is considered in the calculations. The results suggest that NOM is an important factor for the copper concentration in drinking water distribution systems. Reducing NOM content in high alkalinity waters is one of several measures to reduce the copper content, but is the most important measure in low alkalinity waters with higher pH values.
Copper corrosion in water distribution systems - The influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the solubility of copper corrosion products
The objective of the paper was to investigate the influence of natural organic matter on the copper content in drinking water. The copper corrosion in drinking water distribution systems was investigated by means of field measurements in different Swedish municipalities. The maximum copper content in the water is not reach until after several hours of stagnation. Equilibrium calculations were made with a computer program, SOLGASWATER. The effect of natural organic matter was added to the calculations by applying a five-site model for the complexing action of humic and fulvic acids. In the model, a combination of five different ligands is used. The concentrations for the five sites for the water samples taken in the different municipalities are calculated by taking the value for the total organic carbon content (TOC) and multiplying it by the factor C. Good correlation between measurements and calculations is achieved if the maximum copper concentration is assumed to be determined by the equilibrium with the meta stable solid cupric hydroxide. However, the correlation is greatly improved when the complexing action of natural organic matter (NOM) is considered in the calculations. The results suggest that NOM is an important factor for the copper concentration in drinking water distribution systems. Reducing NOM content in high alkalinity waters is one of several measures to reduce the copper content, but is the most important measure in low alkalinity waters with higher pH values.
Copper corrosion in water distribution systems - The influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the solubility of copper corrosion products
Kupferkorrosion in Wasserversorgungssystemen - Der Einfluß natürlicher organischer Bestandteile auf die Löslichkeit von Kupferkorrosionsprodukten
Broo, A.E. (author) / Berghult, B. (author) / Hedberg, T. (author)
Corrosion Science ; 40 ; 1479-1489
1998
11 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 32 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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