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Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (001) Surface
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-7821
AbstractThe interplay between surface reconstruction and depolarization of ferroelectric oxide surfaces is strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies (VO). Using in‐situ atomic‐resolution electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques, it is directly observed that a clean BaTiO3 (001) surface stabilizes into (2 × 1) BaO‐terminated reconstruction during vacuum annealing. This surface reconstruction is achieved with accommodating BaO deficiency and incorporates TiOx adunits. The cooperative atomic rumpling in both the surface and subsurface layers, arranged in a tail‐to‐tail configuration, is stabilized by planar accumulation of VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer. This reduces the net polarization of surface unit cells, contributing to overall depolarization. Under this atomic rumpling, the polarization‐down (P↓) state is energetically favored over the polarization‐up (P↑) state, as the P↓ state requires less atomic relaxation in the bulk layers to achieve dipole inversion at the subsurface. The energetic preference for VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer of the P↓ state is confirmed through calculations of VO formation energy and the energy barrier for surface‐to‐subsurface migration. These findings reveal that the presence of VO in the subsurface layer lifts the degeneracy in the double‐well potential between the P↓ and P↑ states in BaTiO3 (001).
Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (001) Surface
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-7821
AbstractThe interplay between surface reconstruction and depolarization of ferroelectric oxide surfaces is strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies (VO). Using in‐situ atomic‐resolution electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques, it is directly observed that a clean BaTiO3 (001) surface stabilizes into (2 × 1) BaO‐terminated reconstruction during vacuum annealing. This surface reconstruction is achieved with accommodating BaO deficiency and incorporates TiOx adunits. The cooperative atomic rumpling in both the surface and subsurface layers, arranged in a tail‐to‐tail configuration, is stabilized by planar accumulation of VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer. This reduces the net polarization of surface unit cells, contributing to overall depolarization. Under this atomic rumpling, the polarization‐down (P↓) state is energetically favored over the polarization‐up (P↑) state, as the P↓ state requires less atomic relaxation in the bulk layers to achieve dipole inversion at the subsurface. The energetic preference for VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer of the P↓ state is confirmed through calculations of VO formation energy and the energy barrier for surface‐to‐subsurface migration. These findings reveal that the presence of VO in the subsurface layer lifts the degeneracy in the double‐well potential between the P↓ and P↑ states in BaTiO3 (001).
Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (001) Surface
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-7821
AbstractThe interplay between surface reconstruction and depolarization of ferroelectric oxide surfaces is strongly influenced by oxygen vacancies (VO). Using in‐situ atomic‐resolution electron microscopy imaging and spectroscopy techniques, it is directly observed that a clean BaTiO3 (001) surface stabilizes into (2 × 1) BaO‐terminated reconstruction during vacuum annealing. This surface reconstruction is achieved with accommodating BaO deficiency and incorporates TiOx adunits. The cooperative atomic rumpling in both the surface and subsurface layers, arranged in a tail‐to‐tail configuration, is stabilized by planar accumulation of VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer. This reduces the net polarization of surface unit cells, contributing to overall depolarization. Under this atomic rumpling, the polarization‐down (P↓) state is energetically favored over the polarization‐up (P↑) state, as the P↓ state requires less atomic relaxation in the bulk layers to achieve dipole inversion at the subsurface. The energetic preference for VO in the subsurface TiO2 layer of the P↓ state is confirmed through calculations of VO formation energy and the energy barrier for surface‐to‐subsurface migration. These findings reveal that the presence of VO in the subsurface layer lifts the degeneracy in the double‐well potential between the P↓ and P↑ states in BaTiO3 (001).
Subsurface Oxygen Vacancy Mediated Surface Reconstruction and Depolarization of Ferroelectric BaTiO3 (001) Surface
Advanced Science
Jeong, Jeehun (author) / Hwang, Jaejin (author) / Xing, Yaolong (author) / Wang, Zhipeng (author) / Lee, Jaekwang (author) / Oh, Sang Ho (author)
2025-02-13
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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