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Magnetostrictive Material‐Based Smart Materials, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Magnetostrictive materials are the passive class of smart materials, first discovered in Nickel by James Prescott Joule in the year 1842. He observed that a ferromagnetic material under the influence of an external magnetic field changes its size and regain their original dimension after removal of the field, also known as ‘Joule effect’. After this discovery, Villari then discovered the reverse phenomenon in 1864, termed as the ‘Villari Effect’. The phenomenon occurs due to migration of domains or re‐orientation of magnetic domains under the influence of an applied magnetic field. Based on its origin, magnetostriction is categorized in two different types: spontaneous magnetostriction and induced magnetostriction. When the magnetostriction effect is very huge along with higher energy density and quicker response speeds, it is said to be giant magnetostriction.
All the ferromagnetic materials are believed to exhibit magnetostrictive property up to some extent. Out of general ferromagnetic materials, Co has been observed to show the maximum magnetostriction up to 50 μstrain which becomes more prominent if the FM specimen is in compressed state. Apart from conventional FM materials, a lot of research has been carried out to develop materials such as iron‐based, rare‐earth based, ferrite materials, alloys, polymer matrix composites and layered structure to enhance the magnetostrictive properties as well as to raise their Curie temperature (above which magnetostrictive property is lost).
The properties of materials are highly dependent on their synthesis techniques. Different methods are employed in order to obtain different shaped magnetostrictive materials. The common techniques such as citrate gel method, co‐precipitation method, sol‐gel hydrothermal route, electrochemical synthesis, auto‐combustion method, magnetron sputtering, rapid quenching, rolling, electrodeposition, bonding method and directional solidification method are used according to the desired type of materials.
The reversible deformation has made them an excellent candidate for biomedical applications such as bone repair, sensors for articular movements, remote microactuators in cell operations. The magnetostrictive due to their superior mechanical properties in lower frequency band makes them suitable for deep sea measurements as SONAR system for submarine detection. They are useful as magnetostrictive transducers, actuator and various sensors in electronic applications.
This chapter presents the state of the art of magnetostriction and its research advances. The underlying principles and mechanism of magnetostriction are discussed. The detailed section about preparation methods and measurement techniques for magnetostrictive properties is also presented. The chapter also discusses various examples of magnetostrictive materials with their possible applications.
Magnetostrictive Material‐Based Smart Materials, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Magnetostrictive materials are the passive class of smart materials, first discovered in Nickel by James Prescott Joule in the year 1842. He observed that a ferromagnetic material under the influence of an external magnetic field changes its size and regain their original dimension after removal of the field, also known as ‘Joule effect’. After this discovery, Villari then discovered the reverse phenomenon in 1864, termed as the ‘Villari Effect’. The phenomenon occurs due to migration of domains or re‐orientation of magnetic domains under the influence of an applied magnetic field. Based on its origin, magnetostriction is categorized in two different types: spontaneous magnetostriction and induced magnetostriction. When the magnetostriction effect is very huge along with higher energy density and quicker response speeds, it is said to be giant magnetostriction.
All the ferromagnetic materials are believed to exhibit magnetostrictive property up to some extent. Out of general ferromagnetic materials, Co has been observed to show the maximum magnetostriction up to 50 μstrain which becomes more prominent if the FM specimen is in compressed state. Apart from conventional FM materials, a lot of research has been carried out to develop materials such as iron‐based, rare‐earth based, ferrite materials, alloys, polymer matrix composites and layered structure to enhance the magnetostrictive properties as well as to raise their Curie temperature (above which magnetostrictive property is lost).
The properties of materials are highly dependent on their synthesis techniques. Different methods are employed in order to obtain different shaped magnetostrictive materials. The common techniques such as citrate gel method, co‐precipitation method, sol‐gel hydrothermal route, electrochemical synthesis, auto‐combustion method, magnetron sputtering, rapid quenching, rolling, electrodeposition, bonding method and directional solidification method are used according to the desired type of materials.
The reversible deformation has made them an excellent candidate for biomedical applications such as bone repair, sensors for articular movements, remote microactuators in cell operations. The magnetostrictive due to their superior mechanical properties in lower frequency band makes them suitable for deep sea measurements as SONAR system for submarine detection. They are useful as magnetostrictive transducers, actuator and various sensors in electronic applications.
This chapter presents the state of the art of magnetostriction and its research advances. The underlying principles and mechanism of magnetostriction are discussed. The detailed section about preparation methods and measurement techniques for magnetostrictive properties is also presented. The chapter also discusses various examples of magnetostrictive materials with their possible applications.
Magnetostrictive Material‐Based Smart Materials, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Kumar, Upendra (editor) / Sonkar, Piyush Kumar (editor) / Singh, Pinki (author) / Perween, Sonam (author)
2024-05-17
16 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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