A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
CD4+ T Cell‐Released Extracellular Vesicles Potentiate the Efficacy of the HBsAg Vaccine by Enhancing B Cell Responses
T cells secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the potential biological effects of CD4+ T cell EVs are not clear. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CD4+ T cell–derived EVs on B cell responses and examine their role in antigen‐mediated humoral immune responses. In this study, CD4+ T cell EVs are purified from activated CD4+ T cells in vitro. After immunization with the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, CD4+ T cell EVs‐treated mice show stronger humoral immune responses, which is indicated by a greater Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level in serum and a greater proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow. In addition, it is found that EVs released from activated CD4+ T cells play an important role in B cell responses in vitro, which significantly promote B cell activation, proliferation, and antibody production. Interestingly, antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell EVs are found to be more efficient than control EVs in enhancing B cell responses. Furthermore, it is shown that CD40 ligand (CD40L) is involved in CD4+ T cell EVs‐mediated B cell responses. Overall, the results have demonstrated that CD4+ T cell EVs enhance B cell responses and serve as a novel immunomodulator to promote antigen‐specific humoral immune responses.
CD4+ T Cell‐Released Extracellular Vesicles Potentiate the Efficacy of the HBsAg Vaccine by Enhancing B Cell Responses
T cells secrete bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the potential biological effects of CD4+ T cell EVs are not clear. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CD4+ T cell–derived EVs on B cell responses and examine their role in antigen‐mediated humoral immune responses. In this study, CD4+ T cell EVs are purified from activated CD4+ T cells in vitro. After immunization with the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, CD4+ T cell EVs‐treated mice show stronger humoral immune responses, which is indicated by a greater Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level in serum and a greater proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow. In addition, it is found that EVs released from activated CD4+ T cells play an important role in B cell responses in vitro, which significantly promote B cell activation, proliferation, and antibody production. Interestingly, antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell EVs are found to be more efficient than control EVs in enhancing B cell responses. Furthermore, it is shown that CD40 ligand (CD40L) is involved in CD4+ T cell EVs‐mediated B cell responses. Overall, the results have demonstrated that CD4+ T cell EVs enhance B cell responses and serve as a novel immunomodulator to promote antigen‐specific humoral immune responses.
CD4+ T Cell‐Released Extracellular Vesicles Potentiate the Efficacy of the HBsAg Vaccine by Enhancing B Cell Responses
Lu, Jian (author) / Wu, Jing (author) / Xie, Feiting (author) / Tian, Jie (author) / Tang, Xinyi (author) / Guo, Hongye (author) / Ma, Jie (author) / Xu, Ping (author) / Mao, Lingxiang (author) / Xu, Huaxi (author)
Advanced Science ; 6
2019-12-01
12 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Microenvironmental Modulation for Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles
| Wiley | 2025
| British Library Online Contents | 2014