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Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment at 17 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities
A quantitative microbial risk assessment model developed by Health Canada was applied at 17 water treatment plants (WTPs) located throughout Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Four source water characterization methods were compared that considered Escherichia coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. In addition, three strategies to evaluate chemical disinfection performances were compared (median disinfectant exposure [CT50], regulatory disinfectant exposure [CT10], and continuous‐stirred tank reactors in‐series [N‐CSTR, where N is the number of CSTRs in the series]). The N‐CSTR approach provides more reliable risk estimates because it is less sensitive to high inactivation conditions (when compared with use of CT10 or CT50). Predicted risk estimates for the 17 WTPs revealed that only two did not comply with the 10–6 disability‐adjusted life years (World Health Organization) and 10–4 risk of infection (US Environmental Protection Agency) reference levels because of the poor performance of direct filtration without coagulation. This publically available quantitative microbial risk assessment model could help WTP managers assess overall treatment performance via a systematic evaluation process.
Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment at 17 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities
A quantitative microbial risk assessment model developed by Health Canada was applied at 17 water treatment plants (WTPs) located throughout Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Four source water characterization methods were compared that considered Escherichia coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. In addition, three strategies to evaluate chemical disinfection performances were compared (median disinfectant exposure [CT50], regulatory disinfectant exposure [CT10], and continuous‐stirred tank reactors in‐series [N‐CSTR, where N is the number of CSTRs in the series]). The N‐CSTR approach provides more reliable risk estimates because it is less sensitive to high inactivation conditions (when compared with use of CT10 or CT50). Predicted risk estimates for the 17 WTPs revealed that only two did not comply with the 10–6 disability‐adjusted life years (World Health Organization) and 10–4 risk of infection (US Environmental Protection Agency) reference levels because of the poor performance of direct filtration without coagulation. This publically available quantitative microbial risk assessment model could help WTP managers assess overall treatment performance via a systematic evaluation process.
Application of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment at 17 Canadian Water Treatment Facilities
Tfaily, Randa (author) / Papineau, Isabelle (author) / Andrews, Robert C. (author) / Barbeau, Benoit (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 107 ; E497-E508
2015-10-01
12 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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| British Library Online Contents | 2014
Characterizing Treatment Plant Performance for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2014