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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Copper pitting in chlorinated, high‐pH potable water
Copper pitting corrosion in potable water systems poses economic and environmental problems associated with pinhole leaks. In the laboratory it has proven difficult to reproduce the precise conditions that create pinholes; to date, aggressive water quality (i.e., chlorinated water of high pH and low alkalinity) is the only cause that has been replicated as it occurs in potable water systems. Pitting in this type of water is accelerated with higher chlorine, flow velocities, and durations and is inhibited by high levels of silica and phosphate. Although only results from forensic testing (e.g., pipe loops) can be interpreted with complete confidence, the numerous limitations of such testing might be overcome via complementary studies using sophisticated electrochemical methods once aggressive waters are identified. Under worst‐case conditions, pipe loops can reproducibly create pitting in relatively short times and on very short copper tubes.
Copper pitting in chlorinated, high‐pH potable water
Copper pitting corrosion in potable water systems poses economic and environmental problems associated with pinhole leaks. In the laboratory it has proven difficult to reproduce the precise conditions that create pinholes; to date, aggressive water quality (i.e., chlorinated water of high pH and low alkalinity) is the only cause that has been replicated as it occurs in potable water systems. Pitting in this type of water is accelerated with higher chlorine, flow velocities, and durations and is inhibited by high levels of silica and phosphate. Although only results from forensic testing (e.g., pipe loops) can be interpreted with complete confidence, the numerous limitations of such testing might be overcome via complementary studies using sophisticated electrochemical methods once aggressive waters are identified. Under worst‐case conditions, pipe loops can reproducibly create pitting in relatively short times and on very short copper tubes.
Copper pitting in chlorinated, high‐pH potable water
Sarver, Emily (author) / Dodson, Kara (author) / Scardina, R. Paolo (author) / Lattyak‐Slabaugh, Rebecca (author) / Edwards, Marc (author) / Nguyen, Caroline (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 103 ; 86-98
2011-03-01
13 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Silica , Plumbing Systems , Alkalinity , Copper , Chlorine , pH , Pipes , Phosphates
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