A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Brine Disposal Options for Small Systems in California's Central Valley
Disposal of waste residuals from drinking water treatment processes can be costly, particularly for small inland communities. Brine waste management options for nitrate‐impacted small systems in the Central Valley of California were examined with regard to feasibility, sustainability, and affordability. Onsite evaporation, landfill evaporation, landfill solidification, and coastal wastewater treatment plant disposal were considered for a base‐case scenario—i.e., a small Visalia, Calif., system using anion exchange with a 1% waste rate. Estimated minimum disposal costs for the base case ranged from $0.60 to $4.44/1,000 gal of treated water across small system sizes, approaching the average total cost of tap water in the United States ($4.58/1,000 gal). Onsite evaporation and coastal disposal were identified as the least costly options currently available. Brine waste minimization can decrease disposal costs up to 95%. Given the high disposal costs for individual small systems in the region, development of sustainable and affordable regional solutions is warranted.
Brine Disposal Options for Small Systems in California's Central Valley
Disposal of waste residuals from drinking water treatment processes can be costly, particularly for small inland communities. Brine waste management options for nitrate‐impacted small systems in the Central Valley of California were examined with regard to feasibility, sustainability, and affordability. Onsite evaporation, landfill evaporation, landfill solidification, and coastal wastewater treatment plant disposal were considered for a base‐case scenario—i.e., a small Visalia, Calif., system using anion exchange with a 1% waste rate. Estimated minimum disposal costs for the base case ranged from $0.60 to $4.44/1,000 gal of treated water across small system sizes, approaching the average total cost of tap water in the United States ($4.58/1,000 gal). Onsite evaporation and coastal disposal were identified as the least costly options currently available. Brine waste minimization can decrease disposal costs up to 95%. Given the high disposal costs for individual small systems in the region, development of sustainable and affordable regional solutions is warranted.
Brine Disposal Options for Small Systems in California's Central Valley
Jensen, Vivian B. (author) / Darby, Jeannie L. (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 108 ; E276-E289
2016-05-01
14 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Levees in California's Central Valley
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2014
Groundwater Sustainability and Land Subsidence in California’s Central Valley
| DOAJ | 2024
Environmental Regulation and Irrigation Management Transfer: California's Central Valley
| Online Contents | 2003
City Adoption of Environmentally Sustainable Policies in California's Central Valley
| Online Contents | 2009
City Adoption of Environmentally Sustainable Policies in California's Central Valley
| Taylor & Francis Verlag | 2009