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A proposed C × T table for the synergistic inactivation of Cryptosporidium with ozone and chloramine
Several studies have investigated the possible synergy between ozone and chloramine and between ozone and chlorine for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts. This article includes a pooled analysis of three published data sets collected by different research groups using different analytical techniques. The analysis shows that significant inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts with chloramine can be achieved downstream of exposure to ozone. An empirical model is proposed to incorporate upstream inactivation with ozone into the calculation of the Cryptosporidium log inactivation with downstream chloramine. Using this model, the authors developed C × T tables for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium with chloramine downstream of various levels of inactivation with ozone. Synergistic inactivation with extended chloramine contact time downstream of ozone can provide substantial benefits to water treatment plants.
A proposed C × T table for the synergistic inactivation of Cryptosporidium with ozone and chloramine
Several studies have investigated the possible synergy between ozone and chloramine and between ozone and chlorine for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts. This article includes a pooled analysis of three published data sets collected by different research groups using different analytical techniques. The analysis shows that significant inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts with chloramine can be achieved downstream of exposure to ozone. An empirical model is proposed to incorporate upstream inactivation with ozone into the calculation of the Cryptosporidium log inactivation with downstream chloramine. Using this model, the authors developed C × T tables for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium with chloramine downstream of various levels of inactivation with ozone. Synergistic inactivation with extended chloramine contact time downstream of ozone can provide substantial benefits to water treatment plants.
A proposed C × T table for the synergistic inactivation of Cryptosporidium with ozone and chloramine
Najm, Issam (author) / Rakness, Kerwin (author) / Hotaling, Michael (author) / Via, Steve (author) / Rexing, David (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 96 ; 105-113
2004-06-01
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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