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Optimum Calcium Removal in Lime Softening

Schierholz, Paul M. / Stevens, John D. / Cleasby, John L.

Optimum Operation of a lime‐soda ash water‐softening plant for calcium removal occurs when the carbonate ion concentration is maximum. It is shown by examination of the basic equilibrium equations that maximum carbonate occurs when the total alkalinity is twice the phenolpthalein alkalinity. Material is presented in the following that relates alkalinity, pH, and ion concentrations at temperatures ranging from 5C to 30C for dissolved solids of 200 mg/l.

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Optimum Calcium Removal in Lime Softening

Schierholz, Paul M. / Stevens, John D. / Cleasby, John L.

Optimum Operation of a lime‐soda ash water‐softening plant for calcium removal occurs when the carbonate ion concentration is maximum. It is shown by examination of the basic equilibrium equations that maximum carbonate occurs when the total alkalinity is twice the phenolpthalein alkalinity. Material is presented in the following that relates alkalinity, pH, and ion concentrations at temperatures ranging from 5C to 30C for dissolved solids of 200 mg/l.

Optimum Calcium Removal in Lime Softening

Schierholz, Paul M. / Stevens, John D. / Cleasby, John L.

Optimum Operation of a lime‐soda ash water‐softening plant for calcium removal occurs when the carbonate ion concentration is maximum. It is shown by examination of the basic equilibrium equations that maximum carbonate occurs when the total alkalinity is twice the phenolpthalein alkalinity. Material is presented in the following that relates alkalinity, pH, and ion concentrations at temperatures ranging from 5C to 30C for dissolved solids of 200 mg/l.

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Title:

Optimum Calcium Removal in Lime Softening

Contributors:

Schierholz, Paul M. (author) / Stevens, John D. (author) / Cleasby, John L. (author)

Published in:

Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 68 ; 112-116

Publication date:

1976-02-01

Size:

5 pages

ISSN:

1551-8833 , 0003-150X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1976.tb02364.x

Type of media:

Article (Journal)

Type of material:

Electronic Resource

Language:

English

Keywords:

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