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Adverse Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Engineered Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers
Environmental engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been actively exploited as drug carriers due to their superior physiochemical properties in enhancing drug bioavailability and cell‐specific drug delivery. Many different types of materials, such as lipids, polymers, and inorganics, have been used to produce ENPs with different structural and chemical characteristics. As a result of this diversity, ENPs are capable of delivering a wide range of drugs with different sizes and polarities in a variety of ways. However, one potential toxicity associated with the use of ENPs as drug carriers is epigenetic toxicity, where ENPs adversely alter gene expression and affect many major cellular pathways that regulate cell survival and stress response. ENPs exert epigenetic toxicity by regulating DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with both ENP exposure and epigenetic changes, it is possible that the epigenetic toxicity of ENPs might be mediated by ROS that act as intermediate effector molecules to transduce the effects of ENPs to the changes in epigenetic modification. Here, we summarize ENPs commonly used in drug‐delivery applications and discuss their epigenetic toxicity and the potential mechanisms underlying their adverse epigenetic effects.
Adverse Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Engineered Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers
Environmental engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been actively exploited as drug carriers due to their superior physiochemical properties in enhancing drug bioavailability and cell‐specific drug delivery. Many different types of materials, such as lipids, polymers, and inorganics, have been used to produce ENPs with different structural and chemical characteristics. As a result of this diversity, ENPs are capable of delivering a wide range of drugs with different sizes and polarities in a variety of ways. However, one potential toxicity associated with the use of ENPs as drug carriers is epigenetic toxicity, where ENPs adversely alter gene expression and affect many major cellular pathways that regulate cell survival and stress response. ENPs exert epigenetic toxicity by regulating DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with both ENP exposure and epigenetic changes, it is possible that the epigenetic toxicity of ENPs might be mediated by ROS that act as intermediate effector molecules to transduce the effects of ENPs to the changes in epigenetic modification. Here, we summarize ENPs commonly used in drug‐delivery applications and discuss their epigenetic toxicity and the potential mechanisms underlying their adverse epigenetic effects.
Adverse Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Engineered Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers
Sahu, Saura C. (editor) / Zhang, Yingxue (author) / Alshammari, Eid (author) / Yonis, Nouran (author) / Yang, Zhe (author)
2023-05-15
31 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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