A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Performance and Economic Evaluation of a Semibatch Vertical‐Flow Wetland for Onsite Residential Bathroom Graywater Treatment
The performance and economic feasibility of residential bathroom graywater treatment using a semibatch vertical‐flow wetland was evaluated over an eight‐month field study in a single‐family home in Los Angeles, Calif. Graywater treatment time of only 3 h produced an effluent with turbidity (~0.3 ntu) and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (~3.1 mg/L) that met graywater reuse guidelines for nonpotable applications. After chlorine disinfection, total coliform count was below the mandated level of 2.2 most probable number per 100 mL for aboveground water reuse. Process modeling demonstrated that the treatment process followed first‐order kinetics with optimal operation at a hydraulic retention time of 0.3 h. Treatment capacity of 2 m3/day was feasible with the present system, which had a modest footprint area of 0.68 m2. Economic analysis demonstrated a breakeven period of between two to six years depending on the daily treatment volume. Higher water costs favor graywater treatment, especially when power costs are modest or low.
Performance and Economic Evaluation of a Semibatch Vertical‐Flow Wetland for Onsite Residential Bathroom Graywater Treatment
The performance and economic feasibility of residential bathroom graywater treatment using a semibatch vertical‐flow wetland was evaluated over an eight‐month field study in a single‐family home in Los Angeles, Calif. Graywater treatment time of only 3 h produced an effluent with turbidity (~0.3 ntu) and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (~3.1 mg/L) that met graywater reuse guidelines for nonpotable applications. After chlorine disinfection, total coliform count was below the mandated level of 2.2 most probable number per 100 mL for aboveground water reuse. Process modeling demonstrated that the treatment process followed first‐order kinetics with optimal operation at a hydraulic retention time of 0.3 h. Treatment capacity of 2 m3/day was feasible with the present system, which had a modest footprint area of 0.68 m2. Economic analysis demonstrated a breakeven period of between two to six years depending on the daily treatment volume. Higher water costs favor graywater treatment, especially when power costs are modest or low.
Performance and Economic Evaluation of a Semibatch Vertical‐Flow Wetland for Onsite Residential Bathroom Graywater Treatment
Yu, Zita L.T. (author) / Rahardianto, Anditya (author) / Stenstrom, Michael K. (author) / Cohen, Yoram (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 108 ; E392-E404
2016-07-01
13 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Onsite Graywater Reuse: Treatment and Climate
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2009
Onsite Residential Graywater Reuse in the United States: Policy Incentives and Impediments
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2012
Graywater for Residential Irrigation
| Online Contents | 1995
Treatment Effect of Graywater through a Tandem Wetland
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2007
An Evaluation of Graywater Reuse Utilizing a Constructed Wetland Treatment System
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2009