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Controlling bromate Formation
A pilot‐scale study, based on a fractional factorial experimental design, was performed to evaluate the indirect impact of preozonation (0‐1.5 mg/L) and/or the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) (0‐20 mg/L), and the direct impact of intermediate ozone (O3) dose (1.2‐3.0 mg/L), pH (6.0‐7.5), and hydraulic residence time (HRT—12‐18 min) on bromate (BrO3‐) formation. Under the conditions of this study, neither preozonation nor PAC addition had a significant impact on BrO3‐ formation observed at the outlet of the pilot contactor. The most influential parameter was pH, followed by intermediate O3 dose. A cross‐effect (interaction between pH and intermediate O3 dose) was also statistically significant. Consequently, the impact of pH depression on BrO3‐ formation was shown to be O3‐dose‐dependent. During these experiments, the BrO3‐ standard of 10 μg/L was achieved with O3 doses of < 1.6 mg/L and a pH of < 6.3. These conditions were consistent with 2‐log—but not 3‐log—inactivation of Cryptosporidium.
Controlling bromate Formation
A pilot‐scale study, based on a fractional factorial experimental design, was performed to evaluate the indirect impact of preozonation (0‐1.5 mg/L) and/or the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) (0‐20 mg/L), and the direct impact of intermediate ozone (O3) dose (1.2‐3.0 mg/L), pH (6.0‐7.5), and hydraulic residence time (HRT—12‐18 min) on bromate (BrO3‐) formation. Under the conditions of this study, neither preozonation nor PAC addition had a significant impact on BrO3‐ formation observed at the outlet of the pilot contactor. The most influential parameter was pH, followed by intermediate O3 dose. A cross‐effect (interaction between pH and intermediate O3 dose) was also statistically significant. Consequently, the impact of pH depression on BrO3‐ formation was shown to be O3‐dose‐dependent. During these experiments, the BrO3‐ standard of 10 μg/L was achieved with O3 doses of < 1.6 mg/L and a pH of < 6.3. These conditions were consistent with 2‐log—but not 3‐log—inactivation of Cryptosporidium.
Controlling bromate Formation
Galey, Catherine (author) / Mary‐Dilé, Veronique (author) / Gatel, Dominique (author) / Amy, Gary (author) / Cavard, Jacques (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 93 ; 105-115
2001-08-01
11 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Contactors , Design , Powdered Activated Carbon , Ozone , Sampling , Pilot Plants , Cryptosporidium , Bromate , Hydraulics , pH , Dosage
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