A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Enhanced Softening: Effects of Lime Dose and Chemical Additions
Enhanced softening is the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) during precipitative softening, with an objective of reducing the formation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs). A moderately hard water source (Lake Austin, Austin, Texas) was softened using a wide range of lime dosages and various other chemical additions (magnesium, iron, phosphate, silica, and sulfate). The results for hardness ions (calcium and magnesium), NOM (indicated by dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm), and 21 DBPs formed after chlorination at pH 9 are reported. Magnesium hydroxide, which precipitated above pH 11, was a better adsorbent for NOM than calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (which precipitates at lower lime doses), but removal of NOM by CaCO3 was by no means inconsequential. DBP formation generally followed the NOM trends but was complicated by the formation of bromine‐substituted DBPs because of the moderately high bromide concentration in this water.
Enhanced Softening: Effects of Lime Dose and Chemical Additions
Enhanced softening is the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) during precipitative softening, with an objective of reducing the formation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs). A moderately hard water source (Lake Austin, Austin, Texas) was softened using a wide range of lime dosages and various other chemical additions (magnesium, iron, phosphate, silica, and sulfate). The results for hardness ions (calcium and magnesium), NOM (indicated by dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm), and 21 DBPs formed after chlorination at pH 9 are reported. Magnesium hydroxide, which precipitated above pH 11, was a better adsorbent for NOM than calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (which precipitates at lower lime doses), but removal of NOM by CaCO3 was by no means inconsequential. DBP formation generally followed the NOM trends but was complicated by the formation of bromine‐substituted DBPs because of the moderately high bromide concentration in this water.
Enhanced Softening: Effects of Lime Dose and Chemical Additions
Roalson, Shay Ralls (author) / Kweon, Jihyang (author) / Lawler, Desmond F. (author) / Speitel, Gerald E. Jr. (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 95 ; 97-109
2003-11-01
13 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
| Wiley | 1954
Comparing Conventional and Pelletized Lime Softening Concentrate Chemical Stabilization
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2011
Enhanced Lime Softening for Removal of Disinfection By-product Precursors
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1994
Methods of Lime Softening Sludge Disposal
| Wiley | 1955
Lime Recovery From Water Softening Sludges
| Wiley | 1941