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Effects of cyanobacterial biomass and purified microcystins on malformations in Xenopus laevis: Teratogenesis assay (FETAX)
10.1002/tox.10088.abs
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) embryos in a 96‐h teratogenesis assay (FETAX) were exposed to 0–250 μg/L and 500 μg/L of purified microcystin‐LR (MCYST‐LR) for the estimation of lethality, as well as to equivalent concentrations of biomass containing MCYST‐LR (natural water bloom dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa) and biomass without MCYST‐LR (bloom dominated by Microcystis wesenbergii). The highest tested concentrations of purified MCYST‐LR caused up to 30% lethality after a 96‐h exposure, corresponding to a LC25 of 380 μg/L. Cyanobacterial biomass containing MCYST‐LR caused significant lethality up to 50% at the highest tested concentrations (300 mg/L, i.e., 250 μg/L of MCYST‐LR). The estimated 96‐h LC25 values varied from 125 mg/L (biomass containing MCYST‐LR) up to 232 mg/L (biomass without MCYST‐LR). A statistically significant increase in the number of malformed embryos was observed after exposure to cyanobacterial samples. Purified MCYST‐LR at and above 25 μg/L significantly increased the number of malformations, with 53% of surviving embryos malformed in the highest tested concentration, 250 μg/L (EC25 = 27 μg/L). Exposure to the highest concentration of MCYST‐LR containing biomass resulted in more than 60% of the embryos being malformed and an EC25 of 52 mg/L (i.e., 43 μg of MCYST‐LR/L). Cyanobacterial biomass with no natural microcystin also induced substantial malformations—about 50% aberrant embryos at the highest concentration, 300 mg/L (EC25 = 75 mg/L). External additions of purified MCYST‐LR to the biomass that was originally without microcystins resulted in a slight additional increase in the rate of malformations (80% at the highest concentration, 300 mg of biomass plus 250 μg of MCYST‐LR per liter). A comparison of lethality and effects on malformations (teratogenic index, TI = LC25/EC25) showed that all samples had significant teratogenic potential in the FETAX assay (TIMCYST‐LR = 14; TI for biomass with and without microcystin ranged between 2.4 and 3.1, respectively). We conclude that cyanobacterial water blooms can significantly alter the normal development of amphibian embryos. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 547–555, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10088
Effects of cyanobacterial biomass and purified microcystins on malformations in Xenopus laevis: Teratogenesis assay (FETAX)
10.1002/tox.10088.abs
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) embryos in a 96‐h teratogenesis assay (FETAX) were exposed to 0–250 μg/L and 500 μg/L of purified microcystin‐LR (MCYST‐LR) for the estimation of lethality, as well as to equivalent concentrations of biomass containing MCYST‐LR (natural water bloom dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa) and biomass without MCYST‐LR (bloom dominated by Microcystis wesenbergii). The highest tested concentrations of purified MCYST‐LR caused up to 30% lethality after a 96‐h exposure, corresponding to a LC25 of 380 μg/L. Cyanobacterial biomass containing MCYST‐LR caused significant lethality up to 50% at the highest tested concentrations (300 mg/L, i.e., 250 μg/L of MCYST‐LR). The estimated 96‐h LC25 values varied from 125 mg/L (biomass containing MCYST‐LR) up to 232 mg/L (biomass without MCYST‐LR). A statistically significant increase in the number of malformed embryos was observed after exposure to cyanobacterial samples. Purified MCYST‐LR at and above 25 μg/L significantly increased the number of malformations, with 53% of surviving embryos malformed in the highest tested concentration, 250 μg/L (EC25 = 27 μg/L). Exposure to the highest concentration of MCYST‐LR containing biomass resulted in more than 60% of the embryos being malformed and an EC25 of 52 mg/L (i.e., 43 μg of MCYST‐LR/L). Cyanobacterial biomass with no natural microcystin also induced substantial malformations—about 50% aberrant embryos at the highest concentration, 300 mg/L (EC25 = 75 mg/L). External additions of purified MCYST‐LR to the biomass that was originally without microcystins resulted in a slight additional increase in the rate of malformations (80% at the highest concentration, 300 mg of biomass plus 250 μg of MCYST‐LR per liter). A comparison of lethality and effects on malformations (teratogenic index, TI = LC25/EC25) showed that all samples had significant teratogenic potential in the FETAX assay (TIMCYST‐LR = 14; TI for biomass with and without microcystin ranged between 2.4 and 3.1, respectively). We conclude that cyanobacterial water blooms can significantly alter the normal development of amphibian embryos. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 547–555, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10088
Effects of cyanobacterial biomass and purified microcystins on malformations in Xenopus laevis: Teratogenesis assay (FETAX)
Dvořáková, Dagmar (author) / Dvořáková, Kateřina (author) / Bláha, Luděk (author) / Maršálek, Blahoslav (author) / Knotková, Zora (author)
Environmental Toxicology ; 17 ; 547-555
2002-01-01
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1996