A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Complying with the SWTR: Ohio's experience
Rather than conducting tracer studies, most plant operators elected to use a conservative estimate of effective contact time generated by the state.
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) stipulates filtration and disinfection requirements for public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water. In Ohio, 169 treatment plants serving 5,000,000 people are affected by the SWTR. The authors surveyed these plants to determine how the SWTR's C X T requirements have affected system operation. Existing plants use a wide variety of clearwell configurations. Although tracer studies provide the most reliable estimates of clearwell contact time, few of these systems actually ran tracer tests; instead most accepted a conservative estimate of effective contact time developed by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to roughly estimate effective contact time. Determining contact times in the absence of a tracer study presents a unique challenge to enforcement agencies because of the variety of chlorine contact chambers encountered in practice. Under a conservative worst‐case operating scenario, more than half of Ohio's SWTR treatment plants were judged unable to comply with C X T requirements.
Complying with the SWTR: Ohio's experience
Rather than conducting tracer studies, most plant operators elected to use a conservative estimate of effective contact time generated by the state.
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) stipulates filtration and disinfection requirements for public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water. In Ohio, 169 treatment plants serving 5,000,000 people are affected by the SWTR. The authors surveyed these plants to determine how the SWTR's C X T requirements have affected system operation. Existing plants use a wide variety of clearwell configurations. Although tracer studies provide the most reliable estimates of clearwell contact time, few of these systems actually ran tracer tests; instead most accepted a conservative estimate of effective contact time developed by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to roughly estimate effective contact time. Determining contact times in the absence of a tracer study presents a unique challenge to enforcement agencies because of the variety of chlorine contact chambers encountered in practice. Under a conservative worst‐case operating scenario, more than half of Ohio's SWTR treatment plants were judged unable to comply with C X T requirements.
Complying with the SWTR: Ohio's experience
Opferman, David J. (author) / Buchberger, Steven G. (author) / Arduini, D. John (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 87 ; 59-67
1995-02-01
9 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Complying With the SWTR in Seattle: A Look at Nonfiltration Alternatives
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1994
Ohio's Issue 5: The Economic Impacts of Complying
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1992
"Partnering" Helps Water District Meet the SWTR
| Online Contents | 1996
Achieving SWTR Compliance with Low Pressure Membrane Technology
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2006
Small System Compliance Technology for the SWTR
| Wiley | 1997