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Effect of Ozone Dissolution Systems on Ozone Exposure and Bromate Formation
Pilot‐scale data were generated to improve operational guidance for fine bubble diffusion (FBD) and sidestream addition (SSA) systems with respect to unaccounted‐for ozone exposure—i.e., concentration times time (C × T), and bromate formation during ozone dissolution. In FBD systems, results showed significant ozone dissolution C × T (0.31–2.85 mg‐min/L) and bromate formation (0.8–9.1 µg/L) occurring in the bubble column, which is not included in regulatory compliance C × T calculations. Utilities may consider taking contactors out of service to minimize contact time and corresponding bromate formation in the dissolution zone. In SSA systems, ozone dosages (7.2–18.6 mg/L) were transferred to approximately 20% of the overall plant flow for ~5 s, which produced bromate (2.6–5.7 µg/L). As the contact time exceeded the design guidance in the sidestream flow (>30 s), bromate formation became far more significant (40–140 µg/L). When the sidestream flow is operated with short contact times (~5 s), bromate formation can be minimized.
Effect of Ozone Dissolution Systems on Ozone Exposure and Bromate Formation
Pilot‐scale data were generated to improve operational guidance for fine bubble diffusion (FBD) and sidestream addition (SSA) systems with respect to unaccounted‐for ozone exposure—i.e., concentration times time (C × T), and bromate formation during ozone dissolution. In FBD systems, results showed significant ozone dissolution C × T (0.31–2.85 mg‐min/L) and bromate formation (0.8–9.1 µg/L) occurring in the bubble column, which is not included in regulatory compliance C × T calculations. Utilities may consider taking contactors out of service to minimize contact time and corresponding bromate formation in the dissolution zone. In SSA systems, ozone dosages (7.2–18.6 mg/L) were transferred to approximately 20% of the overall plant flow for ~5 s, which produced bromate (2.6–5.7 µg/L). As the contact time exceeded the design guidance in the sidestream flow (>30 s), bromate formation became far more significant (40–140 µg/L). When the sidestream flow is operated with short contact times (~5 s), bromate formation can be minimized.
Effect of Ozone Dissolution Systems on Ozone Exposure and Bromate Formation
Wert, Eric C. (author) / Lew, Julia (author) / Rakness, Kerwin L. (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 109 ; E302-E312
2017-07-01
11 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Contactors , bromate , Ozone , Diffusion , dissolution , Bromate , CT Values , fine bubble diffusion , ozone , sidestream addition
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