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Calibrating Hydraulic Analyses of Distribution Systems Using Fluoride Tracer Studies
Accurate predictions of pipe velocities by hydraulic models are critical to enable modeling of water quality in distribution systems. Procedures are presented for verifying pipe velocities with travel‐time studies using fluoride as a conservative tracer. Results of a field study indicate that intermittent operation of fluoridation equipment is a relatively simple and effective way to determine travel times within a distribution system. These travel times can then be used to calibrate hydraulic models with respect to water demands and usage patterns.
Calibrating Hydraulic Analyses of Distribution Systems Using Fluoride Tracer Studies
Accurate predictions of pipe velocities by hydraulic models are critical to enable modeling of water quality in distribution systems. Procedures are presented for verifying pipe velocities with travel‐time studies using fluoride as a conservative tracer. Results of a field study indicate that intermittent operation of fluoridation equipment is a relatively simple and effective way to determine travel times within a distribution system. These travel times can then be used to calibrate hydraulic models with respect to water demands and usage patterns.
Calibrating Hydraulic Analyses of Distribution Systems Using Fluoride Tracer Studies
Kennedy, Mark S. (author) / Sarikelle, Simsek (author) / Suravallop, Khis (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 83 ; 54-59
1991-07-01
6 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Distribution Systems , Fluoride , Velocity , Hydraulics , Water Quality , Tracers , Modeling , Water Demand , Water Use , Research , Flow , Calibration , Pipes
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