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A rise in mortality in men aged 45 to 64 in Scunthorpe, England, followed immediately after the town's water supply was artificially softened. The theory that water hardness might affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease is refuted here, but it is possible that the relationship between hard water and mortality might be an effect of calcium or magnesium from hard water on case fatality rates. Alternative theories and evidence that lead or sodium associated with the use of soft water might exert a harmful influence are outlined.
A rise in mortality in men aged 45 to 64 in Scunthorpe, England, followed immediately after the town's water supply was artificially softened. The theory that water hardness might affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease is refuted here, but it is possible that the relationship between hard water and mortality might be an effect of calcium or magnesium from hard water on case fatality rates. Alternative theories and evidence that lead or sodium associated with the use of soft water might exert a harmful influence are outlined.
Minerals and Mortality
Robertson, J.S. (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 71 ; 408-413
1979-08-01
6 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Minerals and clay minerals in medical geology
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