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Feed Temperature Effects on Organic Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Competition of Interfacial and Transport Properties
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-0165
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-7692
We investigated the effect of feedwater temperature on the organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Experiments were conducted over the range 27 ≤ T ≤ 40 °C, relevant to feed temperatures in arid, near-equatorial latitudes. Fouling by alginate, a major component of extracellular polymeric substances, was investigated at the nanoscale by means of AFM-based temperature-controlled colloidal-probe force spectroscopy (CPFS). The CPFS results, complemented by interfacial property characterization (contact angle, surface roughness, and charge) conducted under temperature-controlled conditions, enabled us to rationalize the observed fouling kinetics in cross-flow fouling experiments. We observed less severe flux loss at 35 °C (J/J 0 = 75%, t = 24 h) compared to 27 °C (J/J 0 = 65%), which is due to weaker adhesion forces with rising temperature. The observed variation in the magnitude of adhesion forces is consistent with the temperature dependence of hydrophobic interactions. At 40 °C, the observed flux loss (J/J 0 = 68%) was similar to that at 27 °C, despite the fact that adhesion forces are relatively weak (and similar to those at 35 °C). Analysis using a series-resistance model shows that the foulant layer hydraulic resistance is equal at 35 and 40 °C, consistent with the CPFS results. More severe fouling was observed at 40 °C compared to 35 °C, however, due to the higher water permeance at 40 °C, which resulted in a greater flux of foulant to the membrane. Our experiments further show that the fouling layer develops within ∼2 h, during which the flux sharply decreases by 26% at 27 °C, 19% at 35 °C, and 22% at 40 °C; thereafter, flux losses are small and temperature independent. CPFS experiments show that this behavior is due to the foulant layer, which results in weak, often repulsive, and T-independent foulant–foulant interactions, which hinder further foulant deposition.
Feed Temperature Effects on Organic Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Competition of Interfacial and Transport Properties
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-0165
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-7692
We investigated the effect of feedwater temperature on the organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Experiments were conducted over the range 27 ≤ T ≤ 40 °C, relevant to feed temperatures in arid, near-equatorial latitudes. Fouling by alginate, a major component of extracellular polymeric substances, was investigated at the nanoscale by means of AFM-based temperature-controlled colloidal-probe force spectroscopy (CPFS). The CPFS results, complemented by interfacial property characterization (contact angle, surface roughness, and charge) conducted under temperature-controlled conditions, enabled us to rationalize the observed fouling kinetics in cross-flow fouling experiments. We observed less severe flux loss at 35 °C (J/J 0 = 75%, t = 24 h) compared to 27 °C (J/J 0 = 65%), which is due to weaker adhesion forces with rising temperature. The observed variation in the magnitude of adhesion forces is consistent with the temperature dependence of hydrophobic interactions. At 40 °C, the observed flux loss (J/J 0 = 68%) was similar to that at 27 °C, despite the fact that adhesion forces are relatively weak (and similar to those at 35 °C). Analysis using a series-resistance model shows that the foulant layer hydraulic resistance is equal at 35 and 40 °C, consistent with the CPFS results. More severe fouling was observed at 40 °C compared to 35 °C, however, due to the higher water permeance at 40 °C, which resulted in a greater flux of foulant to the membrane. Our experiments further show that the fouling layer develops within ∼2 h, during which the flux sharply decreases by 26% at 27 °C, 19% at 35 °C, and 22% at 40 °C; thereafter, flux losses are small and temperature independent. CPFS experiments show that this behavior is due to the foulant layer, which results in weak, often repulsive, and T-independent foulant–foulant interactions, which hinder further foulant deposition.
Feed Temperature Effects on Organic Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Competition of Interfacial and Transport Properties
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7541-0165
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-7692
We investigated the effect of feedwater temperature on the organic fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Experiments were conducted over the range 27 ≤ T ≤ 40 °C, relevant to feed temperatures in arid, near-equatorial latitudes. Fouling by alginate, a major component of extracellular polymeric substances, was investigated at the nanoscale by means of AFM-based temperature-controlled colloidal-probe force spectroscopy (CPFS). The CPFS results, complemented by interfacial property characterization (contact angle, surface roughness, and charge) conducted under temperature-controlled conditions, enabled us to rationalize the observed fouling kinetics in cross-flow fouling experiments. We observed less severe flux loss at 35 °C (J/J 0 = 75%, t = 24 h) compared to 27 °C (J/J 0 = 65%), which is due to weaker adhesion forces with rising temperature. The observed variation in the magnitude of adhesion forces is consistent with the temperature dependence of hydrophobic interactions. At 40 °C, the observed flux loss (J/J 0 = 68%) was similar to that at 27 °C, despite the fact that adhesion forces are relatively weak (and similar to those at 35 °C). Analysis using a series-resistance model shows that the foulant layer hydraulic resistance is equal at 35 and 40 °C, consistent with the CPFS results. More severe fouling was observed at 40 °C compared to 35 °C, however, due to the higher water permeance at 40 °C, which resulted in a greater flux of foulant to the membrane. Our experiments further show that the fouling layer develops within ∼2 h, during which the flux sharply decreases by 26% at 27 °C, 19% at 35 °C, and 22% at 40 °C; thereafter, flux losses are small and temperature independent. CPFS experiments show that this behavior is due to the foulant layer, which results in weak, often repulsive, and T-independent foulant–foulant interactions, which hinder further foulant deposition.
Feed Temperature Effects on Organic Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes: Competition of Interfacial and Transport Properties
BinAhmed, Sara (Autor:in) / Hozalski, Raymond M. (Autor:in) / Romero-Vargas Castrillón, Santiago (Autor:in)
ACS ES&T Engineering ; 1 ; 591-602
12.03.2021
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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