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Quantum Hall Effect: The Basics
Abstract The quantization of the Hall effect discovered by von Klitzing et al. [1.1] in 1980 is a remarkable macroscopic quantum phenomenon which occurs in two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures and strong perpendicular magnetic fields. Under these conditions, the Hall-conductivity exhibits plateaus at integral multiples of e 2/h (a universal constant). The striking result is the accuracy of the quantization (better than a part in ten million) which is totally indifferent to impurities or geometric details of the two-dimensional system. Each plateau is accompanied by a deep minimum in the diagonal resistivity, indicating a dissipationless flow of current. In 1982, there was yet another surprise in this field. Working with much higher mobility samples, Tsui et al. [1.2] discovered the fractional quantization of the Hall conductivity. The physical mechanisms responsible for the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) are quite different, despite the apparent similarity of the experimental results. In the former case, the role of the random impurity potential is quite decisive, while in the latter case, electron-electron interaction plays a predominant role resulting in a unique collective phenomenon.
Quantum Hall Effect: The Basics
Abstract The quantization of the Hall effect discovered by von Klitzing et al. [1.1] in 1980 is a remarkable macroscopic quantum phenomenon which occurs in two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures and strong perpendicular magnetic fields. Under these conditions, the Hall-conductivity exhibits plateaus at integral multiples of e 2/h (a universal constant). The striking result is the accuracy of the quantization (better than a part in ten million) which is totally indifferent to impurities or geometric details of the two-dimensional system. Each plateau is accompanied by a deep minimum in the diagonal resistivity, indicating a dissipationless flow of current. In 1982, there was yet another surprise in this field. Working with much higher mobility samples, Tsui et al. [1.2] discovered the fractional quantization of the Hall conductivity. The physical mechanisms responsible for the integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) are quite different, despite the apparent similarity of the experimental results. In the former case, the role of the random impurity potential is quite decisive, while in the latter case, electron-electron interaction plays a predominant role resulting in a unique collective phenomenon.
Quantum Hall Effect: The Basics
Professor Chakraborty, Tapash (Autor:in) / Dr. Pietiläinen, Pekka (Autor:in)
Second Enlarged and Updated Edition
01.01.1995
7 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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