Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Eine Plattform für die Wissenschaft: Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik
Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States
Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorus insecticide that has been detected in surface waters of the United States (CDPR 2012a; Martin et al. 2011; NCWQR 2012; WDOE 2012). The potential for chlorpyrifos (CPY) to occur in surface water is governed by complex interactions of factors related to application, agronomic practices, climatological conditions during and after application, soil pedology and chemistry, hydrologic responses of drainage systems, and its physicochemical properties that affect mobility and persistence under those environmental settings. These conditions vary among patterns of use such as the crop to which it is applied within the different regions of the country that have different soil types and climates. CPY use and registrations have changed over time as a result of market forces and product stewardship, including the ban of retail use and the implementation of other label changes for environmental stewardship that was implemented in 2001. The objective of this study was to characterize likely exposures of aquatic organisms to CPY in the U.S. by evaluating patterns of use, environmental chemistry, available monitoring data, and via simulation modeling. The results of the data analyses and simulation modeling are a key component of the CPY risk assessment described in a companion paper.
Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States
Chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorus insecticide that has been detected in surface waters of the United States (CDPR 2012a; Martin et al. 2011; NCWQR 2012; WDOE 2012). The potential for chlorpyrifos (CPY) to occur in surface water is governed by complex interactions of factors related to application, agronomic practices, climatological conditions during and after application, soil pedology and chemistry, hydrologic responses of drainage systems, and its physicochemical properties that affect mobility and persistence under those environmental settings. These conditions vary among patterns of use such as the crop to which it is applied within the different regions of the country that have different soil types and climates. CPY use and registrations have changed over time as a result of market forces and product stewardship, including the ban of retail use and the implementation of other label changes for environmental stewardship that was implemented in 2001. The objective of this study was to characterize likely exposures of aquatic organisms to CPY in the U.S. by evaluating patterns of use, environmental chemistry, available monitoring data, and via simulation modeling. The results of the data analyses and simulation modeling are a key component of the CPY risk assessment described in a companion paper.
Exposures of Aquatic Organisms to the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos Resulting from Use in the United States
Reviews Env.Contamination(formerly:Residue Reviews)
Giesy, John P. (Herausgeber:in) / Solomon, Keith R. (Herausgeber:in) / Williams, W. Martin (Autor:in) / Giddings, Jeffrey M. (Autor:in) / Purdy, John (Autor:in) / Solomon, Keith R. (Autor:in) / Giesy, John P. (Autor:in)
12.03.2014
41 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States
| Springer Verlag | 2014
| Springer Verlag | 2014
| Springer Verlag | 2014
Assessing the Response of Aquatic Organisms to Short-Term Exposures to Urban Runoff
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1997
Assessing the Response of Aquatic Organisms to Short-Term Exposures to Urban Runoff: Discussion
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 1997