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Nicotiana attenuata protein kinases mediate plant growth and resistance to insect herbivores
Protein kinases modulate developmental and adaptation processes in the plant kingdom. While MAPK signaling has been intensively studied for the involvement in growth, defense and growth regulation, more and more studies have shown that CDPKs also function in these physiological processes. N. attenuata is an annual solanaceous plant, which germinates only after fire. In its natural habitat in the Great Basin Desert in Utah, USA, after being attacked by the specialist, tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, N. attenuata has developed many specific and fine-tuned responses to cope with herbivore challenges. It has been shown that two MAPKs, NaSIPK and NaWIPK are involved in defense against M. sexta attack, by controlling the plant hormone, jasmonic acid (JA). The burst of JA after herbivore recognition is important to induce defense responses, such as the production of small secondary metabolites (e.g. nicotine) and defensive proteins – trypsin proteinase inhibitor (TPI). MAPKs are the last element in a MAPK cascade: MAPKKKs activate MAPKKs, which in turn phosphorylate MAPKs. In order to investigate the function of MAPK cascades in plant-herbivore interactions, using N. attenuata and M. sexta as the model system, I studied the function of five MAPKKs in plant defense against herbivores. A virus-induced gene silencing method was used to transiently knock down the transcript levels of these five MAPKKs. These lines were used to analyze the role of MAPKKs in regulating the accumulation of phytohormones JA and ethylene, the MAPKs, NaSIPK and NaWIPK, and the activity of TPI. M. sexta performance assays were used to evaluate the impact of the five MAPKKs on larval growth. It was found that one MAPKK, NaMEK2, plays an important role in activating NaSIPK, and is therefore involved in JA accumulation and ethylene production after herbivory. Although the other four MAPKKs do not affect NaSIPK activity levels, like NaMEK2, they are also involved in the regulation of TPI activity. Moreover, two MAPKKs, NaMEK1 and NaSIPKK, are ...
Nicotiana attenuata protein kinases mediate plant growth and resistance to insect herbivores
Protein kinases modulate developmental and adaptation processes in the plant kingdom. While MAPK signaling has been intensively studied for the involvement in growth, defense and growth regulation, more and more studies have shown that CDPKs also function in these physiological processes. N. attenuata is an annual solanaceous plant, which germinates only after fire. In its natural habitat in the Great Basin Desert in Utah, USA, after being attacked by the specialist, tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, N. attenuata has developed many specific and fine-tuned responses to cope with herbivore challenges. It has been shown that two MAPKs, NaSIPK and NaWIPK are involved in defense against M. sexta attack, by controlling the plant hormone, jasmonic acid (JA). The burst of JA after herbivore recognition is important to induce defense responses, such as the production of small secondary metabolites (e.g. nicotine) and defensive proteins – trypsin proteinase inhibitor (TPI). MAPKs are the last element in a MAPK cascade: MAPKKKs activate MAPKKs, which in turn phosphorylate MAPKs. In order to investigate the function of MAPK cascades in plant-herbivore interactions, using N. attenuata and M. sexta as the model system, I studied the function of five MAPKKs in plant defense against herbivores. A virus-induced gene silencing method was used to transiently knock down the transcript levels of these five MAPKKs. These lines were used to analyze the role of MAPKKs in regulating the accumulation of phytohormones JA and ethylene, the MAPKs, NaSIPK and NaWIPK, and the activity of TPI. M. sexta performance assays were used to evaluate the impact of the five MAPKKs on larval growth. It was found that one MAPKK, NaMEK2, plays an important role in activating NaSIPK, and is therefore involved in JA accumulation and ethylene production after herbivory. Although the other four MAPKKs do not affect NaSIPK activity levels, like NaMEK2, they are also involved in the regulation of TPI activity. Moreover, two MAPKKs, NaMEK1 and NaSIPKK, are ...
Nicotiana attenuata protein kinases mediate plant growth and resistance to insect herbivores
Heinrich, Maria (author) / Baldwin, Ian Thomas / Oelmüller, Ralf / Teige, Markus
2012-12-10
Theses
Electronic Resource
English
Molecular response of nicotiana attenuata to herbivory and solar UVB: laboratory and fieldwork
| BASE | 2013