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Foundation properties of upper carboniferous shales
In Great Britain shale formations vary widely in composition but in their unaltered state, normally form competent bearing stratum; weathering and faulting can locally alter shales and reduction in their compressive strength by up to 95% has been known; use of driven piles can cause shattering of rock surface, and pile uplift to occur; iron sulfide is present and on oxidation forms sulfate ions which are aggressive to concrete; coal seams present problems of subsidence.
Foundation properties of upper carboniferous shales
In Great Britain shale formations vary widely in composition but in their unaltered state, normally form competent bearing stratum; weathering and faulting can locally alter shales and reduction in their compressive strength by up to 95% has been known; use of driven piles can cause shattering of rock surface, and pile uplift to occur; iron sulfide is present and on oxidation forms sulfate ions which are aggressive to concrete; coal seams present problems of subsidence.
Foundation properties of upper carboniferous shales
Int Soc of Rock Mechanics
Crutchlow, S.B. (author)
Proceedings of the 1st Congress -- International Society of Rock Mechanics Congress ; 1966 ; Portugal , Libson
1966
3 pages
Conference paper
English
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