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Human health risk assessment for contaminated sites: A retrospective review
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Highlights Approaches and models in Human Health Risk Assessment are comprehensively reviewed. Method on the mechanisms of contaminant actions on human health hazards is needed. Integration and update of existing toxicity databases are necessary. Lack of health-based screening values is a barrier to biomonitoring. The integration of fate and transport models and risk assessment systems is essential.
Abstract Soil contamination is a serious global hazard as contaminants can migrate to the human body through the soil, water, air, and food, threatening human health. Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) is a commonly used method for estimating the magnitude and probability of adverse health effects in humans that may be exposed to contaminants in contaminated environmental media in the present or future. Such estimations have improved for decades with various risk assessment frameworks and well-established models. However, the existing literature does not provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and models of HHRA that are needed to grasp the current status of HHRA and future research directions. Thus, this paper aims to systematically review the HHRA approaches and models, particularly those related to contaminated sites from peer-reviewed literature and guidelines. The approaches and models focus on methods used in hazard identification, toxicity databases in dose–response assessment, approaches and fate and transport models in exposure assessment, risk characterization, and uncertainty characterization. The features and applicability of the most commonly used HHRA tools are also described. The future research trend for HHRA for contaminated sites is also forecasted. The transition from animal experiments to new methods in risk identification, the integration and update and sharing of existing toxicity databases, the integration of human biomonitoring into the risk assessment process, and the integration of migration and transformation models and risk assessment are the way forward for risk assessment in the future. This review provides readers with an overall understanding of HHRA and a grasp of its developmental direction.
Human health risk assessment for contaminated sites: A retrospective review
Graphical abstract Display Omitted
Highlights Approaches and models in Human Health Risk Assessment are comprehensively reviewed. Method on the mechanisms of contaminant actions on human health hazards is needed. Integration and update of existing toxicity databases are necessary. Lack of health-based screening values is a barrier to biomonitoring. The integration of fate and transport models and risk assessment systems is essential.
Abstract Soil contamination is a serious global hazard as contaminants can migrate to the human body through the soil, water, air, and food, threatening human health. Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) is a commonly used method for estimating the magnitude and probability of adverse health effects in humans that may be exposed to contaminants in contaminated environmental media in the present or future. Such estimations have improved for decades with various risk assessment frameworks and well-established models. However, the existing literature does not provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and models of HHRA that are needed to grasp the current status of HHRA and future research directions. Thus, this paper aims to systematically review the HHRA approaches and models, particularly those related to contaminated sites from peer-reviewed literature and guidelines. The approaches and models focus on methods used in hazard identification, toxicity databases in dose–response assessment, approaches and fate and transport models in exposure assessment, risk characterization, and uncertainty characterization. The features and applicability of the most commonly used HHRA tools are also described. The future research trend for HHRA for contaminated sites is also forecasted. The transition from animal experiments to new methods in risk identification, the integration and update and sharing of existing toxicity databases, the integration of human biomonitoring into the risk assessment process, and the integration of migration and transformation models and risk assessment are the way forward for risk assessment in the future. This review provides readers with an overall understanding of HHRA and a grasp of its developmental direction.
Human health risk assessment for contaminated sites: A retrospective review
Zhang, Shuai (author) / Han, Yingyue (author) / Peng, Jingyu (author) / Chen, Yunmin (author) / Zhan, Liangtong (author) / Li, Jinlong (author)
2022-12-14
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Contaminated sites , Human Health Risk Assessment , Hazard identification , Dose-response assessment , Exposure assessment , Fate and transport model , ACToR , Aggregated Computational Toxicological Resource , ADI , acceptable daily intake , AH , Alberta Health , ASTM , American Society for Testing and Materials , ATSDR , Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , BE , Biomonitoring Equivalent , BfR , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , BMA , bayesian model averaging , BMD , benchmark dose , BMDL , benchmark dose lower confidence limit , BMDS , Benchmark Dose Software , CCME , Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment , DHA , Department of Health and Ageing , EEA , European Environment Agency , EFSA , European Food Safety Authority , EU , European Union , EUC , European Union Commission , EUSES , European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances , EU-ToxRisk , An Integrated European ‘Flagship’ Programme Driving Mechanism-based Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment for the 21st century , HBM4EU , The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative , HC , Health Canada , HDMI , human dose associated with an effect magnitude M and population incidence I , HESI , Health and Environmental Sciences Institute , HGS , HydroGeoSphere , HHRA , IOM , Institute of Medicine , LOAEL , lowest observed adverse effect level , MAHs , monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , MCS , Monte Carlo Simulation , MEE , Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China , MHPPE , Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment , MPCA , Minnesota Pollution Control Agency , MRL , minimal risk level , NCASI , National Council for Air and Stream Improvement , NH , Northern Health , NOAEL , no-observed-adverse-effect level , NRC , National Research Council , ODEQ , Oregon Department of Environmental Quality , OGS , OpenGeoSys , PAHs , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , PCA , principal component analysis , PD , pharmacodynamic , PK , pharmacokinetic , PLS , partial least squares regression , PMF , positive matrix decomposition , PoD , point of departure , QSAR , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , RAIDAR , Risk Assessment, IDentification, And Ranking , RfC , reference concentration , RfD , reference dose , RISK21 , Risk Assessment in the 21st Century , SPCA , supervised principal component analysis , SPLS , sparse partial least squares , TSCA , Toxic Substances Control Act , U.K. DOE , U.K. Department of the Environment , U.K. EA , U.K. Environment Agency , U.S. EPA , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , WHO , World Health Organization , WHO/IPCS , World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety , WQSR , weighted quantile sum regression
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