A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Composition of size-fractionated aerosol in Charleston, West Virginia
Abstract Atmospheric aerosols were collected for 21 days in summer 1976 at Charleston, West Virginia, using five dichotomous virtual impactor samplers simultaneously. The samplers fractionated the aerosol into two aerodynamic size ranges, a fine (< 3.5 μm) and a coarse (> 3.5 μm) fraction. Physical and chemical composition of the aerosol in each size range was measured by filter weighing (total mass), proton induced gamma-ray analysis (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur), X-ray fluorescence (elements heavier than magnesium), ion chromatography (sulfate, nitrate and sodium), and ion selective electrode (ammonium). Fine particle sulfur was found to be in the form of sulfate. Less than 1% of fine nitrogen was in the form of nitrate; more than 99% was present as ammonium ion. The high correlation between fine sulfur and nitrogen (r = 0.92) and fine sulfate and ammonium (r = 0.98) and the presence of sulfate and ammonium in the stoichiometric ratio for ammonium sulfate strongly suggest that ammonium sulfate was the main chemical form of fine sulfur and nitrogen. A detailed mass composition was determined for each particle size range, identifying 69 and 60% of the fine and coarse mass, respectively. Ammonium sulfate was the largest single chemical component (411%) of the fine aerosol mass. Carbon was also a large component of both fine and coarse particle mass constituting 16 and 12% respectively. Factor analysis indicated that four factors were sufficient to satisfactorily represent the variance of 26 measured parameters. The factors are characteristic of crustal material, ammonium sulfate, automotive emissions, and an unidentified anthropogenic source or set of sources.
Composition of size-fractionated aerosol in Charleston, West Virginia
Abstract Atmospheric aerosols were collected for 21 days in summer 1976 at Charleston, West Virginia, using five dichotomous virtual impactor samplers simultaneously. The samplers fractionated the aerosol into two aerodynamic size ranges, a fine (< 3.5 μm) and a coarse (> 3.5 μm) fraction. Physical and chemical composition of the aerosol in each size range was measured by filter weighing (total mass), proton induced gamma-ray analysis (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur), X-ray fluorescence (elements heavier than magnesium), ion chromatography (sulfate, nitrate and sodium), and ion selective electrode (ammonium). Fine particle sulfur was found to be in the form of sulfate. Less than 1% of fine nitrogen was in the form of nitrate; more than 99% was present as ammonium ion. The high correlation between fine sulfur and nitrogen (r = 0.92) and fine sulfate and ammonium (r = 0.98) and the presence of sulfate and ammonium in the stoichiometric ratio for ammonium sulfate strongly suggest that ammonium sulfate was the main chemical form of fine sulfur and nitrogen. A detailed mass composition was determined for each particle size range, identifying 69 and 60% of the fine and coarse mass, respectively. Ammonium sulfate was the largest single chemical component (411%) of the fine aerosol mass. Carbon was also a large component of both fine and coarse particle mass constituting 16 and 12% respectively. Factor analysis indicated that four factors were sufficient to satisfactorily represent the variance of 26 measured parameters. The factors are characteristic of crustal material, ammonium sulfate, automotive emissions, and an unidentified anthropogenic source or set of sources.
Composition of size-fractionated aerosol in Charleston, West Virginia
Lewis, Charles W. (author) / Macias, Edward S. (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 14 ; 185-194
1979-07-26
10 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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