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A platform for research: civil engineering, architecture and urbanism
Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Abstract This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-approval driving cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-approval cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.
Highlights ► Emissions from gasoline and diesel cars were studied using PEMS measurements. ► Important concerns raised about actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles. ► For gasoline vehicles emissions remained below regulated limits. ► COPERT emission factor in most cases reflect adequately real world performance. ► Need for additional data input in COPERT particularly for Euro 5 cars.
Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Abstract This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-approval driving cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-approval cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.
Highlights ► Emissions from gasoline and diesel cars were studied using PEMS measurements. ► Important concerns raised about actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles. ► For gasoline vehicles emissions remained below regulated limits. ► COPERT emission factor in most cases reflect adequately real world performance. ► Need for additional data input in COPERT particularly for Euro 5 cars.
Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Kousoulidou, Marina (author) / Fontaras, Georgios (author) / Ntziachristos, Leonidas (author) / Bonnel, Pierre (author) / Samaras, Zissis (author) / Dilara, Panagiota (author)
Atmospheric Environment ; 64 ; 329-338
2012-09-26
10 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Comparison of portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) with laboratory grade equipment
| BASE | 2018