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Use of Steel Slags in Earthworks—Hydraulic Properties of Steel Slags and Granulometrically Modified Steel Slags Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6486-9272
About 6 million tons of steel slag are generated in Germany every year during the production of steel. About 14% of them is landfilled due to some technically or environmentally relevant properties. Nevertheless, increasing costs for the deposition on landfills make their use in earthworks for transportation infrastructure more and more attractive. The utilization of steel slags in earthworks seems to be promising due to their advantageous mechanical properties but requires the protection of soil and groundwater against possible exposure to leached substances. Several construction methods in earthworks are described in a recommendation (M TS E) of the German Road and Transportation Research Association, where soils/materials with environmentally relevant substances can be used with additional capping systems, and without additional liners if they are of low permeability, respectively. Thus, experimental investigations were carried out to study how the permeability of steel slags could be reduced by the addition of clay powders. In order to analyze the seepage flow through earthworks built of such materials, their saturated and unsaturated hydraulic properties have to be determined. These include the coefficient of permeability kf, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function and the soil–water retention curve, which have been determined carrying out various tests, among others one-dimensional evaporation tests. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulations with the finite element software Seep/W were performed to study the percolation of an embankment section built in a lysimeter. The results showed that the percolation of mixtures of steel slag and clay is low.
Use of Steel Slags in Earthworks—Hydraulic Properties of Steel Slags and Granulometrically Modified Steel Slags Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6486-9272
About 6 million tons of steel slag are generated in Germany every year during the production of steel. About 14% of them is landfilled due to some technically or environmentally relevant properties. Nevertheless, increasing costs for the deposition on landfills make their use in earthworks for transportation infrastructure more and more attractive. The utilization of steel slags in earthworks seems to be promising due to their advantageous mechanical properties but requires the protection of soil and groundwater against possible exposure to leached substances. Several construction methods in earthworks are described in a recommendation (M TS E) of the German Road and Transportation Research Association, where soils/materials with environmentally relevant substances can be used with additional capping systems, and without additional liners if they are of low permeability, respectively. Thus, experimental investigations were carried out to study how the permeability of steel slags could be reduced by the addition of clay powders. In order to analyze the seepage flow through earthworks built of such materials, their saturated and unsaturated hydraulic properties have to be determined. These include the coefficient of permeability kf, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function and the soil–water retention curve, which have been determined carrying out various tests, among others one-dimensional evaporation tests. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulations with the finite element software Seep/W were performed to study the percolation of an embankment section built in a lysimeter. The results showed that the percolation of mixtures of steel slag and clay is low.
Use of Steel Slags in Earthworks—Hydraulic Properties of Steel Slags and Granulometrically Modified Steel Slags Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions
https://orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6486-9272
About 6 million tons of steel slag are generated in Germany every year during the production of steel. About 14% of them is landfilled due to some technically or environmentally relevant properties. Nevertheless, increasing costs for the deposition on landfills make their use in earthworks for transportation infrastructure more and more attractive. The utilization of steel slags in earthworks seems to be promising due to their advantageous mechanical properties but requires the protection of soil and groundwater against possible exposure to leached substances. Several construction methods in earthworks are described in a recommendation (M TS E) of the German Road and Transportation Research Association, where soils/materials with environmentally relevant substances can be used with additional capping systems, and without additional liners if they are of low permeability, respectively. Thus, experimental investigations were carried out to study how the permeability of steel slags could be reduced by the addition of clay powders. In order to analyze the seepage flow through earthworks built of such materials, their saturated and unsaturated hydraulic properties have to be determined. These include the coefficient of permeability kf, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function and the soil–water retention curve, which have been determined carrying out various tests, among others one-dimensional evaporation tests. Based on the experimental results, numerical simulations with the finite element software Seep/W were performed to study the percolation of an embankment section built in a lysimeter. The results showed that the percolation of mixtures of steel slag and clay is low.
Use of Steel Slags in Earthworks—Hydraulic Properties of Steel Slags and Granulometrically Modified Steel Slags Under Saturated and Unsaturated Conditions
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Tutumluer, Erol (editor) / Nazarian, Soheil (editor) / Al-Qadi, Imad (editor) / Qamhia, Issam I.A. (editor) / Barka, Elissavet (author) / Birle, Emanuel (author)
2021-09-17
12 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Mineralogy of Modified Steel Slags
| British Library Conference Proceedings | 2002
| Engineering Index Backfile | 1962
| Engineering Index Backfile | 1962
Treatment of liquid steel slags
| Tema Archive | 2001