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Analysis of Native Bonds Between Lignin and Carbohydrate by Specific Chemical Reactions
Abstract Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) are one of the glycoconjugates in which hydrophobic lignin is chemically bound to hydrophilic polysaccharides in wood cell walls. So far, several types of lignin-carbohydrate linkages have been proposed. These include: (1) benzyl ether type (Fig. 4.1; Košíková et al. 1979; Yaku et al. 1981; Koshijima et al. 1984; Eriksson and Lindgren 1977; Watanabe et al. 1989; Ohnishi et al. 1992), in which the α-hydroxyl group of the lignin is etherified with the hydroxyl group of carbohydrate; (2) benzyl ester type (Fig. 4.2; Yaku et al. 1976; Eriksson et al. 1980; Takahashi and Koshijima 1988b; Obst 1982; Lundquist et al. 1983; Das et al. 1984; Watanabe and Koshijima 1988; Imamura et al. 1994), in which the α-hydroxyl group of the lignin is esterified with the carboxyl group of glucuronic acid residue; (3) glycoside type (Fig. 4.3: Hayashi 1961; Smelstorius 1974; Yaku et al. 1976; Joseleau and Kesraoui 1986; Kondo et al. 1990a; Ford 1990), in which alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups of the lignin are glycosylated by the reducing end group of carbohydrates; and (4) acetal type, in which two hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate are linked to lignin by an acetal linkage (Fig. 4.4; Bolker and Sommerville 1963; Xie et al. 2000). Among the chemical linkages, the benzyl ether and ester types have been considered to be the most probable mode of linkage (Watanabe 1995).
Analysis of Native Bonds Between Lignin and Carbohydrate by Specific Chemical Reactions
Abstract Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) are one of the glycoconjugates in which hydrophobic lignin is chemically bound to hydrophilic polysaccharides in wood cell walls. So far, several types of lignin-carbohydrate linkages have been proposed. These include: (1) benzyl ether type (Fig. 4.1; Košíková et al. 1979; Yaku et al. 1981; Koshijima et al. 1984; Eriksson and Lindgren 1977; Watanabe et al. 1989; Ohnishi et al. 1992), in which the α-hydroxyl group of the lignin is etherified with the hydroxyl group of carbohydrate; (2) benzyl ester type (Fig. 4.2; Yaku et al. 1976; Eriksson et al. 1980; Takahashi and Koshijima 1988b; Obst 1982; Lundquist et al. 1983; Das et al. 1984; Watanabe and Koshijima 1988; Imamura et al. 1994), in which the α-hydroxyl group of the lignin is esterified with the carboxyl group of glucuronic acid residue; (3) glycoside type (Fig. 4.3: Hayashi 1961; Smelstorius 1974; Yaku et al. 1976; Joseleau and Kesraoui 1986; Kondo et al. 1990a; Ford 1990), in which alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups of the lignin are glycosylated by the reducing end group of carbohydrates; and (4) acetal type, in which two hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate are linked to lignin by an acetal linkage (Fig. 4.4; Bolker and Sommerville 1963; Xie et al. 2000). Among the chemical linkages, the benzyl ether and ester types have been considered to be the most probable mode of linkage (Watanabe 1995).
Analysis of Native Bonds Between Lignin and Carbohydrate by Specific Chemical Reactions
Watanabe, T. (author)
2003-01-01
40 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
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