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Porcelain tile pyroplastic deformation during firing and post-firing variations of planarity
In ceramic tile manufacture, porcelain tile is undoubtedly the product with the greatest commercial value, owing to its technical and aesthetic characteristics. Indeed, the last decades have witnessed a continuous increase in worldwide porcelain tile production and, as a result, a great differentiation in products in regard to compositions, sizes, thicknesses, and aesthetic effects, also achieved by means of glaze applications and decorations. In view of such a variety of productive situations, one of the greatest technical difficulties lies in reconciling the foregoing with the need to obtain a material with almost zero porosity and good dimensional stability. In effect, porcelain tile is a product that is readily subject both to pyroplastic deformations in the vitrification stage during the firing process and to subsequent variations of planarity in the already fired material that is stored while waiting polishing and/or squaring. This study examines in detail the factors that determine the greater or lesser proneness to pyroplastic deformation of porcelain tile bodies and, in particular, the aspects relating to the body composition and processing parameters. The study presents several porcelain tile compositions in which an instrumental analysis of pyroplasticity was carried out, followed by experimental verification by fast firing in a roller kiln at different temperatures. In addition, the planarity variations of the finished products over time were evaluated as a function of the physic-mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the resulting materials; these variations were verified on the one hand on the basis of the cumulative stresses during the cooling stage and, on the other hand, by the possible hydration reactions of the fired ceramic material. Finally, the experimental results are used to put forward certain recommendations to enhance porcelain tile dimensional characteristics with relation to the body composition and processing conditions, in particular with regard to the firing stage.
Porcelain tile pyroplastic deformation during firing and post-firing variations of planarity
In ceramic tile manufacture, porcelain tile is undoubtedly the product with the greatest commercial value, owing to its technical and aesthetic characteristics. Indeed, the last decades have witnessed a continuous increase in worldwide porcelain tile production and, as a result, a great differentiation in products in regard to compositions, sizes, thicknesses, and aesthetic effects, also achieved by means of glaze applications and decorations. In view of such a variety of productive situations, one of the greatest technical difficulties lies in reconciling the foregoing with the need to obtain a material with almost zero porosity and good dimensional stability. In effect, porcelain tile is a product that is readily subject both to pyroplastic deformations in the vitrification stage during the firing process and to subsequent variations of planarity in the already fired material that is stored while waiting polishing and/or squaring. This study examines in detail the factors that determine the greater or lesser proneness to pyroplastic deformation of porcelain tile bodies and, in particular, the aspects relating to the body composition and processing parameters. The study presents several porcelain tile compositions in which an instrumental analysis of pyroplasticity was carried out, followed by experimental verification by fast firing in a roller kiln at different temperatures. In addition, the planarity variations of the finished products over time were evaluated as a function of the physic-mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the resulting materials; these variations were verified on the one hand on the basis of the cumulative stresses during the cooling stage and, on the other hand, by the possible hydration reactions of the fired ceramic material. Finally, the experimental results are used to put forward certain recommendations to enhance porcelain tile dimensional characteristics with relation to the body composition and processing conditions, in particular with regard to the firing stage.
Porcelain tile pyroplastic deformation during firing and post-firing variations of planarity
Bresciani, A. (author) / Spinelli, B. (author)
2012
5 Seiten, 7 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 3 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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