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Investigation disclosed that 60–70 per Cent of pipe failures in cold climates occur during the Winter and may coincide with the entry of frost into the earth above the pipe. Carefully controlled studies have shown that frost Penetration to 2 ft nearly doubles the vertical load on pipe with 4.5 ft of earth cover.
Investigation disclosed that 60–70 per Cent of pipe failures in cold climates occur during the Winter and may coincide with the entry of frost into the earth above the pipe. Carefully controlled studies have shown that frost Penetration to 2 ft nearly doubles the vertical load on pipe with 4.5 ft of earth cover.
Frost Loadings on Underground Pipe
Smith, W. Harry (author)
Journal ‐ American Water Works Association ; 68 ; 673-674
1976-12-01
2 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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